make progress on LXD post

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Amolith 2023-08-17 20:04:07 -06:00
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This is a blog post version of a talk I presented at both Ubuntu Summit 2022 and
SouthEast LinuxFest 2023. The first was not recorded, but the second was and is
on [SELF's PeerTube instance.][selfpeertube] I apologise for the terrible, but
there's unfortunately nothing I can do about that.
on [SELF's PeerTube instance.][selfpeertube] I apologise for the terrible audio,
but there's unfortunately nothing I can do about that.
[selfpeertube]: https://peertube.linuxrocks.online/w/hjiTPHVwGz4hy9n3cUL1mq?start=1m
@ -40,50 +40,81 @@ as soon as there's an installable release.
- **Isolation:** we don't want an attacker to get into our webserver and be able
to gain access to our email server
- **Flexibility:** <abbr title="Virtual Machines">VMs</abbr> and containers only
use the resources they've been given
use the resources they've been given. If you tell the VM it has 200 MBs of
RAM, it's going to make do with 200 MBs of RAM and the kernel's <abbr
title="Out Of Memory">OOM</abbr> killer is going to have a fun time 🤠
- **Portability:** once set up and configured, VMs and containers can mostly be
treated as black boxes; as long as the surrounding environment is similar to
the previous in terms of communication, they can just be picked up and dropped
on bare metal servers as necessary.
- **Density:**
- **Cleanliness:**
to various machines and hosts as necessary.
- **Density:** applications are usually much lighter than the systems they're
running on, so it makes sense to run many applications on one system. VMs and
containers facilitate that without sacrificing security.
- **Cleanliness:** VMs and containers are black boxes. When you're done with it,
you can just throw the box in the trash (delete it) and everything related to
that application is gone.
## Virtual machines
```goat
.---------------------------------.
| .-------. .-------. .-------. |
| | Guest | | Guest | | Guest | |
| | OS | | OS | | OS | |
| .---+---' .---+---' .---+---' |
| .--+----. .--+----. .--+----. |
| | Guest | | Guest | | Guest | |
| | Kernel | | Kernel | | Kernel | |
| .---+---' .---+---' .---+---' |
| .--+----------+----------+----. |
| | Hypervisor | |
| .--------------+--------------' |
| .-------------+---------------. |
| | Host Kernel | |
| .-----------------------------' |
.---------------------------------'
```kroki {type=d2,d2theme=flagship-terrastruct,d2sketch=true}
title: |md
# Virtual machines
| { near: top-center }
direction: up
k1: Guest kernel
k2: Guest kernel
k3: Guest kernel
os1: Guest OS
os2: Guest OS
os3: Guest OS
app1: Many apps
app2: Many apps
app3: Many apps
Host kernel -> Hypervisor
Hypervisor -> k1 -> os1 -> app1
Hypervisor -> k2 -> os2 -> app2
Hypervisor -> k3 -> os3 -> app3
```
## Containers
```goat
Application containers System containers
.---------------------------------. .------------------------------.
| .-------. .-------. .-------. | | .------. .------. .------. |
| | App 01 | | App 02 | | App 03 | | | | Guest | | Guest | | Guest | |
| '---+---' '---+---' '---+---' | | | OS | | OS | | OS | |
| .--+----------+----------+----. | | '---+--' '---+--' '---+--' |
| | Hypervisor | | | .--+---------+---------+---. |
| '--------------+--------------' | | | Host Kernel | |
| .-------------+---------------. | | '--------------------------' |
| | Host Kernel | | '------------------------------'
| '-----------------------------' |
'---------------------------------'
```kroki {type=d2,d2theme=flagship-terrastruct,d2sketch=true}
title: |md
# Application containers
| { near: top-center }
direction: up
app1: App
app2: App
app3: App
Host kernel -> Hypervisor
Hypervisor -> app1
Hypervisor -> app2
Hypervisor -> app3
```
```kroki {type=d2,d2theme=flagship-terrastruct,d2sketch=true}
title: |md
# System containers
| { near: top-center }
direction: up
os1: Guest OS
os2: Guest OS
os3: Guest OS
app1: Many apps
app2: Many apps
app3: Many apps
Host kernel -> os1 -> app1
Host kernel -> os2 -> app2
Host kernel -> os3 -> app3
```
## When to use which