// hkexnet.go - net.Conn compatible channel setup with encrypted/HMAC
// negotiation

// Copyright (c) 2017-2018 Russell Magee
// Licensed under the terms of the MIT license (see LICENSE.mit in this
// distribution)
//
// golang implementation by Russ Magee (rmagee_at_gmail.com)

package hkexnet

// TODO:
// If key exchange algs other than the experimental HerraduraKEx are to
// be supported, the Dial() and Accept() methods should take a kex param,
// specifying which to use; and the client/server negotiation must then
// prefix the channel setup with this param over the wire in order to decide
// which is in use.
//
// DESIGN PRINCIPLE: There shall be no protocol features which enable
// downgrade attacks. The server shall have final authority to accept or
// reject any and all proposed KEx and connection parameters proposed by
// clients at setup. Action on denial shall be a simple server disconnect
// with possibly a status code sent so client can determine why connection
// was denied (compare to how failed auth is communicated to client).

// Implementation of HKEx-wrapped versions of the golang standard
// net package interfaces, allowing clients and servers to simply replace
// 'net.Dial' and 'net.Listen' with 'hkex.Dial' and 'hkex.Listen'
// (though some extra methods are implemented and must be used
//  for things outside of the scope of plain sockets).
import (
	"bytes"
	"crypto/cipher"
	"encoding/binary"
	"encoding/hex"
	"errors"
	"fmt"
	"hash"
	"io"
	"log"
	"math/big"
	"math/rand"
	"net"
	"strings"
	"sync"
	"time"

	"blitter.com/go/hkexsh/herradurakex"
)

// KEx type - sent from client to server in order to specify which
// algo shall be used (eg., HerraduraKEx, [TODO: others...])
type KEX uint8

const (
	KEX_HERRADURA = iota // this MUST be first for default if omitted in ctor
	//KEX_FOO
	//KEX_DH
	//KEX_ETC
)

// const CSExtendedCode - extended (>255 UNIX exit status) codes
// This indicate channel-related or internal errors
const (
	CSEBadAuth     = 1024 // Failed login password
	CSETruncCSO           // No CSOExitStatus in payload
	CSEStillOpen          // Channel closed unexpectedly
	CSEExecFail           // cmd.Start() (exec) failed
	CSEPtyExecFail        // pty.Start() (exec w/pty) failed
)

const (
	CSONone        = iota // No error, normal packet
	CSOHmacInvalid        // HMAC mismatch detected on remote end
	CSOTermSize           // set term size (rows:cols)
	CSOExitStatus         // Remote cmd exit status (TODO)
	CSOChaff              // Dummy packet, do not pass beyond decryption
)

const MAX_PAYLOAD_LEN = 4*1024*1024*1024 - 1

/*---------------------------------------------------------------------*/

type (
	WinSize struct {
		Rows uint16
		Cols uint16
	}

	// chaffconfig captures attributes used to send chaff packets betwixt
	// client and server connections, to obscure true traffic timing and
	// patterns
	// see: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/chaff_(countermeasure)
	ChaffConfig struct {
		shutdown bool //set to inform chaffHelper to shut down
		enabled  bool
		msecsMin uint //msecs min interval
		msecsMax uint //msecs max interval
		szMax    uint // max size in bytes
	}

	// Conn is a HKex connection - a superset of net.Conn
	Conn struct {
		kex        KEX
		m          *sync.Mutex
		c          net.Conn // which also implements io.Reader, io.Writer, ...
		h          *hkex.HerraduraKEx
		cipheropts uint32 // post-KEx cipher/hmac options
		opts       uint32 // post-KEx protocol options (caller-defined)
		WinCh      chan WinSize
		Rows       uint16
		Cols       uint16

		chaff ChaffConfig

		closeStat *uint32       // close status (CSOExitStatus)
		r         cipher.Stream //read cipherStream
		rm        hash.Hash
		w         cipher.Stream //write cipherStream
		wm        hash.Hash
		dBuf      *bytes.Buffer //decrypt buffer for Read()
	}
)

func (hc Conn) GetStatus() uint32 {
	return *hc.closeStat
}

func (hc *Conn) SetStatus(stat uint32) {
	*hc.closeStat = stat
	//fmt.Println("closeStat:", *hc.closeStat)
	log.Println("closeStat:", *hc.closeStat)
}

// ConnOpts returns the cipher/hmac options value, which is sent to the
// peer but is not itself part of the KEx.
//
// (Used for protocol-level negotiations after KEx such as
// cipher/HMAC algorithm options etc.)
func (hc Conn) ConnOpts() uint32 {
	return hc.cipheropts
}

// SetConnOpts sets the cipher/hmac options value, which is sent to the
// peer as part of KEx but not part of the KEx itself.
//
// opts - bitfields for cipher and hmac alg. to use after KEx
func (hc *Conn) SetConnOpts(copts uint32) {
	hc.cipheropts = copts
}

// Opts returns the protocol options value, which is sent to the peer
// but is not itself part of the KEx or connection (cipher/hmac) setup.
//
// Consumers of this lib may use this for protocol-level options not part
// of the KEx or encryption info used by the connection.
func (hc Conn) Opts() uint32 {
	return hc.opts
}

// SetOpts sets the protocol options value, which is sent to the peer
// but is not itself part of the KEx or connection (cipher/hmac) setup.
//
// Consumers of this lib may use this for protocol-level options not part
// of the KEx of encryption info used by the connection.
//
// opts - a uint32, caller-defined
func (hc *Conn) SetOpts(opts uint32) {
	hc.opts = opts
}

func (hc *Conn) applyConnExtensions(extensions ...string) {
	for _, s := range extensions {
		switch s {
		case "KEX_HERRADURA":
			log.Println("[extension arg = KEX_HERRADURA]")
			hc.kex = KEX_HERRADURA
			break
		//case "KEX_FOO":
		//	log.Println("[extension arg = KEX_FOO]")
		//	hc.kex = KEX_FOO
		//	break
		case "C_AES_256":
			log.Println("[extension arg = C_AES_256]")
			hc.cipheropts &= (0xFFFFFF00)
			hc.cipheropts |= CAlgAES256
			break
		case "C_TWOFISH_128":
			log.Println("[extension arg = C_TWOFISH_128]")
			hc.cipheropts &= (0xFFFFFF00)
			hc.cipheropts |= CAlgTwofish128
			break
		case "C_BLOWFISH_64":
			log.Println("[extension arg = C_BLOWFISH_64]")
			hc.cipheropts &= (0xFFFFFF00)
			hc.cipheropts |= CAlgBlowfish64
			break
		case "H_SHA256":
			log.Println("[extension arg = H_SHA256]")
			hc.cipheropts &= (0xFFFF00FF)
			hc.cipheropts |= (HmacSHA256 << 8)
			break
		default:
			log.Printf("[Dial ext \"%s\" ignored]\n", s)
			break
		}
	}
}

// Dial as net.Dial(), but with implicit key exchange to set up secure
// channel on connect
//
//   Can be called like net.Dial(), defaulting to C_AES_256/H_SHA256,
//   or additional option arguments can be passed amongst the following:
//
//   "C_AES_256" | "C_TWOFISH_128"
//
//   "H_SHA256"
func Dial(protocol string, ipport string, extensions ...string) (hc *Conn, err error) {
	// Open raw Conn c
	c, err := net.Dial(protocol, ipport)
	if err != nil {
		return nil, err
	}
	// Init hkexnet.Conn hc over net.Conn c
	// NOTE: kex default of KEX_HERRADURA may be overridden by
	// future extension args to applyConnExtensions(), which is
	// called prior to Dial()
	hc = &Conn{m: &sync.Mutex{}, c: c, closeStat: new(uint32), h: hkex.New(0, 0), dBuf: new(bytes.Buffer)}
	hc.applyConnExtensions(extensions...)

	// TODO: Factor out ALL params following this to helpers for
	// specific KEx algs
	fmt.Fprintf(c, "%02x\n", hc.kex)
	// --

	// Send hkexnet.Conn parameters to remote side
	// d is value for Herradura key exchange
	fmt.Fprintf(c, "0x%s\n%08x:%08x\n", hc.h.D().Text(16),
		hc.cipheropts, hc.opts)

	d := big.NewInt(0)
	_, err = fmt.Fscanln(c, d)
	if err != nil {
		return nil, err
	}
	// Read peer D over net.Conn (c)
	_, err = fmt.Fscanf(c, "%08x:%08x\n",
		&hc.cipheropts, &hc.opts)
	if err != nil {
		return nil, err
	}

	hc.h.SetPeerD(d)
	log.Printf("** local D:%s\n", hc.h.D().Text(16))
	log.Printf("**(c)** peer D:%s\n", hc.h.PeerD().Text(16))
	hc.h.ComputeFA()
	log.Printf("**(c)** FA:%s\n", hc.h.FA())

	hc.r, hc.rm, err = hc.getStream(hc.h.FA())
	hc.w, hc.wm, err = hc.getStream(hc.h.FA())
	*hc.closeStat = CSEStillOpen // open or prematurely-closed status
	return
}

// Close a hkex.Conn
func (hc *Conn) Close() (err error) {
	hc.DisableChaff()
	s := make([]byte, 4)
	binary.BigEndian.PutUint32(s, *hc.closeStat)
	hc.WritePacket(s, CSOExitStatus)
	err = hc.c.Close()
	log.Println("[Conn Closing]")
	return
}

// LocalAddr returns the local network address.
func (hc *Conn) LocalAddr() net.Addr {
	return hc.c.LocalAddr()
}

// RemoteAddr returns the remote network address.
func (hc *Conn) RemoteAddr() net.Addr {
	return hc.c.RemoteAddr()
}

// SetDeadline sets the read and write deadlines associated
// with the connection. It is equivalent to calling both
// SetReadDeadline and SetWriteDeadline.
//
// A deadline is an absolute time after which I/O operations
// fail with a timeout (see type Error) instead of
// blocking. The deadline applies to all future and pending
// I/O, not just the immediately following call to Read or
// Write. After a deadline has been exceeded, the connection
// can be refreshed by setting a deadline in the future.
//
// An idle timeout can be implemented by repeatedly extending
// the deadline after successful Read or Write calls.
//
// A zero value for t means I/O operations will not time out.
func (hc *Conn) SetDeadline(t time.Time) error {
	return hc.c.SetDeadline(t)
}

// SetWriteDeadline sets the deadline for future Write calls
// and any currently-blocked Write call.
// Even if write times out, it may return n > 0, indicating that
// some of the data was successfully written.
// A zero value for t means Write will not time out.
func (hc *Conn) SetWriteDeadline(t time.Time) error {
	return hc.c.SetWriteDeadline(t)
}

// SetReadDeadline sets the deadline for future Read calls
// and any currently-blocked Read call.
// A zero value for t means Read will not time out.
func (hc *Conn) SetReadDeadline(t time.Time) error {
	return hc.c.SetReadDeadline(t)
}

/*---------------------------------------------------------------------*/

// HKExListener is a Listener conforming to net.Listener
//
// See go doc net.Listener
type HKExListener struct {
	l net.Listener
}

// Listen for a connection
//
// See go doc net.Listen
func Listen(protocol string, ipport string) (hl HKExListener, e error) {
	l, err := net.Listen(protocol, ipport)
	if err != nil {
		return HKExListener{nil}, err
	}
	log.Println("[Listening]")
	hl.l = l
	return
}

// Close a hkex Listener - closes the Listener.
// Any blocked Accept operations will be unblocked and return errors.
//
// See go doc net.Listener.Close
func (hl HKExListener) Close() error {
	log.Println("[Listener Closed]")
	return hl.l.Close()
}

// Addr returns a the listener's network address.
//
// See go doc net.Listener.Addr
func (hl HKExListener) Addr() net.Addr {
	return hl.l.Addr()
}

// Accept a client connection, conforming to net.Listener.Accept()
//
// See go doc net.Listener.Accept
func (hl *HKExListener) Accept() (hc Conn, err error) {
	// Open raw Conn c
	c, err := hl.l.Accept()
	if err != nil {
		hc := Conn{m: &sync.Mutex{}, c: nil, h: nil, closeStat: new(uint32), cipheropts: 0, opts: 0,
			r: nil, w: nil}
		return hc, err
	}
	log.Println("[Accepted]")

	hc = Conn{ /*kex: from client,*/ m: &sync.Mutex{}, c: c, h: hkex.New(0, 0), closeStat: new(uint32), WinCh: make(chan WinSize, 1),
		dBuf: new(bytes.Buffer)}

	// TODO: Factor out ALL params following this to helpers for
	// specific KEx algs
	var kexAlg uint8
	_, err = fmt.Fscanln(c, &kexAlg)
	if err != nil {
		return hc, err
	}
	log.Printf("[KEx alg: %v]\n", kexAlg)
	// --

	// Read in hkexnet.Conn parameters over raw Conn c
	// d is value for Herradura key exchange
	d := big.NewInt(0)
	_, err = fmt.Fscanln(c, d)
	log.Printf("[Got d:%v]", d)
	if err != nil {
		return hc, err
	}
	_, err = fmt.Fscanf(c, "%08x:%08x\n",
		&hc.cipheropts, &hc.opts)
	log.Printf("[Got cipheropts, opts:%v, %v]", hc.cipheropts, hc.opts)
	if err != nil {
		return hc, err
	}
	hc.h.SetPeerD(d)
	log.Printf("** D:%s\n", hc.h.D().Text(16))
	log.Printf("**(s)** peerD:%s\n", hc.h.PeerD().Text(16))
	hc.h.ComputeFA()
	log.Printf("**(s)** FA:%s\n", hc.h.FA())

	// Send D and cipheropts/conn_opts to peer
	fmt.Fprintf(c, "0x%s\n%08x:%08x\n", hc.h.D().Text(16),
		hc.cipheropts, hc.opts)

	hc.r, hc.rm, err = hc.getStream(hc.h.FA())
	hc.w, hc.wm, err = hc.getStream(hc.h.FA())
	return
}

/*---------------------------------------------------------------------*/

// Read into a byte slice
//
// See go doc io.Reader
func (hc Conn) Read(b []byte) (n int, err error) {
	//log.Printf("[Decrypting...]\r\n")
	for {
		//log.Printf("hc.dBuf.Len(): %d\n", hc.dBuf.Len())
		if hc.dBuf.Len() > 0 /* len(b) */ {
			break
		}

		var ctrlStatOp uint8
		var hmacIn [4]uint8
		var payloadLen uint32

		// Read ctrl/status opcode (CSOHmacInvalid on hmac mismatch)
		err = binary.Read(hc.c, binary.BigEndian, &ctrlStatOp)
		log.Printf("[ctrlStatOp: %v]\n", ctrlStatOp)
		if ctrlStatOp == CSOHmacInvalid {
			// Other side indicated channel tampering, close channel
			hc.Close()
			return 1, errors.New("** ALERT - remote end detected HMAC mismatch - possible channel tampering **")
		}

		// Read the hmac and payload len first
		err = binary.Read(hc.c, binary.BigEndian, &hmacIn)
		// Normal client 'exit' from interactive session will cause
		// (on server side) err.Error() == "<iface/addr info ...>: use of closed network connection"
		if err != nil {
			if !strings.HasSuffix(err.Error(), "use of closed network connection") {
				//fmt.Println("[1]unexpected Read() err:", err)
				log.Println("[1]unexpected Read() err:", err)
			} else {
				//fmt.Println("[Client hung up]")
				log.Println("[Client hung up]")
			}
			return 0, err
		}

		err = binary.Read(hc.c, binary.BigEndian, &payloadLen)
		if err != nil {
			if err.Error() != "EOF" {
				log.Println("[2]unexpected Read() err:", err)
			}
		}

		if payloadLen > MAX_PAYLOAD_LEN {
			log.Printf("[Insane payloadLen:%v]\n", payloadLen)
			hc.Close()
			return 1, errors.New("Insane payloadLen")
		}

		var payloadBytes = make([]byte, payloadLen)
		n, err = io.ReadFull(hc.c, payloadBytes)

		// Normal client 'exit' from interactive session will cause
		// (on server side) err.Error() == "<iface/addr info ...>: use of closed network connection"
		if err != nil && err.Error() != "EOF" {
			if !strings.HasSuffix(err.Error(), "use of closed network connection") {
				log.Println("[3]unexpected Read() err:", err)
			} else {
				log.Println("[Client hung up]")
			}
		}

		log.Printf("  <:ctext:\r\n%s\r\n", hex.Dump(payloadBytes[:n]))

		db := bytes.NewBuffer(payloadBytes[:n]) //copying payloadBytes to db
		// The StreamReader acts like a pipe, decrypting
		// whatever is available and forwarding the result
		// to the parameter of Read() as a normal io.Reader
		rs := &cipher.StreamReader{S: hc.r, R: db}
		// The caller isn't necessarily reading the full payload so we need
		// to decrypt ot an intermediate buffer, draining it on demand of caller
		decryptN, err := rs.Read(payloadBytes)
		log.Printf("  <-ptext:\r\n%s\r\n", hex.Dump(payloadBytes[:n]))
		if err != nil {
			//fmt.Print(err)
			//panic(err)
		} else {

			// Throw away pkt if it's chaff (ie., caller to Read() won't see this data)
			if ctrlStatOp == CSOChaff {
				log.Printf("[Chaff pkt, discarded (len %d)]\n", decryptN)
			} else if ctrlStatOp == CSOTermSize {
				fmt.Sscanf(string(payloadBytes), "%d %d", &hc.Rows, &hc.Cols)
				log.Printf("[TermSize pkt: rows %v cols %v]\n", hc.Rows, hc.Cols)
				hc.WinCh <- WinSize{hc.Rows, hc.Cols}
			} else if ctrlStatOp == CSOExitStatus {
				if len(payloadBytes) > 0 {
					hc.SetStatus(binary.BigEndian.Uint32(payloadBytes))
					//!// If remote end is closing with an error, reply we're closing ours
					//!if hc.GetStatus() != 0 {
					//!	log.Print("CSOExitStatus:", hc.GetStatus())
					hc.Close()
					//!}
				} else {
					log.Println("[truncated payload, cannot determine CSOExitStatus]")
					*hc.closeStat = CSETruncCSO
				}
			} else {
				hc.dBuf.Write(payloadBytes)
				//log.Printf("hc.dBuf: %s\n", hex.Dump(hc.dBuf.Bytes()))
			}

			// Re-calculate hmac, compare with received value
			hc.rm.Write(payloadBytes)
			hTmp := hc.rm.Sum(nil)[0:4]
			log.Printf("<%04x) HMAC:(i)%s (c)%02x\r\n", decryptN, hex.EncodeToString([]byte(hmacIn[0:])), hTmp)

			if *hc.closeStat == CSETruncCSO {
				log.Println("[cannot verify HMAC]")
			} else {
				// Log alert if hmac didn't match, corrupted channel
				if !bytes.Equal(hTmp, []byte(hmacIn[0:])) /*|| hmacIn[0] > 0xf8*/ {
					fmt.Println("** ALERT - detected HMAC mismatch, possible channel tampering **")
					_, _ = hc.c.Write([]byte{CSOHmacInvalid})
				}
			}
		}
	}

	retN := hc.dBuf.Len()
	if retN > len(b) {
		retN = len(b)
	}

	log.Printf("Read() got %d bytes\n", retN)
	copy(b, hc.dBuf.Next(retN))
	return retN, nil
}

// Write a byte slice
//
// See go doc io.Writer
func (hc Conn) Write(b []byte) (n int, err error) {
	n, err = hc.WritePacket(b, CSONone)
	return n, err
}

// Write a byte slice with specified ctrlStatusOp byte
func (hc *Conn) WritePacket(b []byte, op byte) (n int, err error) {
	//log.Printf("[Encrypting...]\r\n")
	var hmacOut []uint8
	var payloadLen uint32

	// N.B. Originally this Lock() surrounded only the
	// calls to binary.Write(hc.c ..) however there appears
	// to be some other unshareable state in the Conn
	// struct that must be protected to serialize main and
	// chaff data written to it.
	//
	// Would be nice to determine if the mutex scope
	// could be tightened.
	hc.m.Lock()
	//fmt.Printf("--== TOTAL payloadLen (b):%d\n", len(b))
	payloadLen = uint32(len(b))
	//!fmt.Printf("  --== payloadLen:%d\n", payloadLen)
	log.Printf("  :>ptext:\r\n%s\r\n", hex.Dump(b[0:payloadLen]))

	// Calculate hmac on payload
	hc.wm.Write(b[0:payloadLen])
	hmacOut = hc.wm.Sum(nil)[0:4]

	log.Printf("  (%04x> HMAC(o):%s\r\n", payloadLen, hex.EncodeToString(hmacOut))

	var wb bytes.Buffer
	// The StreamWriter acts like a pipe, forwarding whatever is
	// written to it through the cipher, encrypting as it goes
	ws := &cipher.StreamWriter{S: hc.w, W: &wb}
	_, err = ws.Write(b[0:payloadLen])
	if err != nil {
		panic(err)
	}
	log.Printf("  ->ctext:\r\n%s\r\n", hex.Dump(wb.Bytes()))

	ctrlStatOp := op
	err = binary.Write(hc.c, binary.BigEndian, &ctrlStatOp)
	if err == nil {
		// Write hmac LSB, payloadLen followed by payload
		err = binary.Write(hc.c, binary.BigEndian, hmacOut)
		if err == nil {
			err = binary.Write(hc.c, binary.BigEndian, payloadLen)
			if err == nil {
				n, err = hc.c.Write(wb.Bytes())
			} else {
				//fmt.Println("[c]WriteError!")
			}
		} else {
			//fmt.Println("[b]WriteError!")
		}
	} else {
		//fmt.Println("[a]WriteError!")
	}
	hc.m.Unlock()

	if err != nil {
		log.Println(err)
	}
	return
}

func (hc *Conn) EnableChaff() {
	hc.chaff.shutdown = false
	hc.chaff.enabled = true
	log.Println("Chaffing ENABLED")
	hc.chaffHelper()
}

func (hc *Conn) DisableChaff() {
	hc.chaff.enabled = false
	log.Println("Chaffing DISABLED")
}

func (hc *Conn) ShutdownChaff() {
	hc.chaff.shutdown = true
	log.Println("Chaffing SHUTDOWN")
}

func (hc *Conn) SetupChaff(msecsMin uint, msecsMax uint, szMax uint) {
	hc.chaff.msecsMin = msecsMin //move these to params of chaffHelper() ?
	hc.chaff.msecsMax = msecsMax
	hc.chaff.szMax = szMax
}

// Helper routine to spawn a chaffing goroutine for each Conn
func (hc *Conn) chaffHelper() {
	go func() {
		for {
			var nextDuration int
			if hc.chaff.enabled {
				bufTmp := make([]byte, rand.Intn(int(hc.chaff.szMax)))
				min := int(hc.chaff.msecsMin)
				nextDuration = rand.Intn(int(hc.chaff.msecsMax)-min) + min
				_, _ = rand.Read(bufTmp)
				_, err := hc.WritePacket(bufTmp, CSOChaff)
				if err != nil {
					log.Println("[ *** error - chaffHelper quitting *** ]")
					hc.chaff.enabled = false
					break
				}
			}
			time.Sleep(time.Duration(nextDuration) * time.Millisecond)
			if hc.chaff.shutdown {
				log.Println("*** chaffHelper shutting down")
				break
			}

		}
	}()
}