diff --git a/include/modules/sway/workspaces.hpp b/include/modules/sway/workspaces.hpp
index e6df067f..f8a55fa3 100644
--- a/include/modules/sway/workspaces.hpp
+++ b/include/modules/sway/workspaces.hpp
@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@
 #include <gtkmm/button.h>
 #include <gtkmm/label.h>
 
+#include <string_view>
 #include <unordered_map>
 
 #include "AModule.hpp"
@@ -21,7 +22,9 @@ class Workspaces : public AModule, public sigc::trackable {
   auto update() -> void;
 
  private:
-  static inline const std::string workspace_switch_cmd_ = "workspace {} \"{}\"";
+  static constexpr std::string_view workspace_switch_cmd_ = "workspace {} \"{}\"";
+  static constexpr std::string_view persistent_workspace_switch_cmd_ =
+      R"(workspace {} "{}"; move workspace to output "{}"; workspace {} "{}")";
 
   static int convertWorkspaceNameToNum(std::string name);
 
diff --git a/include/util/format.hpp b/include/util/format.hpp
index fac0377d..00b6a31c 100644
--- a/include/util/format.hpp
+++ b/include/util/format.hpp
@@ -66,9 +66,9 @@ struct formatter<pow_format> {
     std::string string;
     switch (spec) {
       case '>':
-        return format_to(ctx.out(), "{:>{}}", fmt::format("{}", s), max_width);
+        return fmt::format_to(ctx.out(), "{:>{}}", fmt::format("{}", s), max_width);
       case '<':
-        return format_to(ctx.out(), "{:<{}}", fmt::format("{}", s), max_width);
+        return fmt::format_to(ctx.out(), "{:<{}}", fmt::format("{}", s), max_width);
       case '=':
         format = "{coefficient:<{number_width}.1f}{padding}{prefix}{unit}";
         break;
@@ -77,8 +77,8 @@ struct formatter<pow_format> {
         format = "{coefficient:.1f}{prefix}{unit}";
         break;
     }
-    return format_to(
-        ctx.out(), format, fmt::arg("coefficient", fraction),
+    return fmt::format_to(
+        ctx.out(), fmt::runtime(format), fmt::arg("coefficient", fraction),
         fmt::arg("number_width", number_width),
         fmt::arg("prefix", std::string() + units[pow] + ((s.binary_ && pow) ? "i" : "")),
         fmt::arg("unit", s.unit_),
diff --git a/src/modules/backlight.cpp b/src/modules/backlight.cpp
index aa734a4f..77c1dc0e 100644
--- a/src/modules/backlight.cpp
+++ b/src/modules/backlight.cpp
@@ -48,13 +48,13 @@ struct UdevMonitorDeleter {
 
 void check_eq(int rc, int expected, const char *message = "eq, rc was: ") {
   if (rc != expected) {
-    throw std::runtime_error(fmt::format(message, rc));
+    throw std::runtime_error(fmt::format(fmt::runtime(message), rc));
   }
 }
 
 void check_neq(int rc, int bad_rc, const char *message = "neq, rc was: ") {
   if (rc == bad_rc) {
-    throw std::runtime_error(fmt::format(message, rc));
+    throw std::runtime_error(fmt::format(fmt::runtime(message), rc));
   }
 }
 
@@ -62,7 +62,7 @@ void check0(int rc, const char *message = "rc wasn't 0") { check_eq(rc, 0, messa
 
 void check_gte(int rc, int gte, const char *message = "rc was: ") {
   if (rc < gte) {
-    throw std::runtime_error(fmt::format(message, rc));
+    throw std::runtime_error(fmt::format(fmt::runtime(message), rc));
   }
 }
 
@@ -181,7 +181,8 @@ auto waybar::modules::Backlight::update() -> void {
       event_box_.show();
       const uint8_t percent =
           best->get_max() == 0 ? 100 : round(best->get_actual() * 100.0f / best->get_max());
-      label_.set_markup(fmt::format(format_, fmt::arg("percent", std::to_string(percent)),
+      label_.set_markup(fmt::format(fmt::runtime(format_),
+                                    fmt::arg("percent", std::to_string(percent)),
                                     fmt::arg("icon", getIcon(percent))));
       getState(percent);
     } else {
diff --git a/src/modules/battery.cpp b/src/modules/battery.cpp
index b3e51a6c..abd1240c 100644
--- a/src/modules/battery.cpp
+++ b/src/modules/battery.cpp
@@ -604,7 +604,7 @@ const std::string waybar::modules::Battery::formatTimeRemaining(float hoursRemai
     format = config_["format-time"].asString();
   }
   std::string zero_pad_minutes = fmt::format("{:02d}", minutes);
-  return fmt::format(format, fmt::arg("H", full_hours), fmt::arg("M", minutes),
+  return fmt::format(fmt::runtime(format), fmt::arg("H", full_hours), fmt::arg("M", minutes),
                      fmt::arg("m", zero_pad_minutes));
 }
 
@@ -644,7 +644,8 @@ auto waybar::modules::Battery::update() -> void {
     } else if (config_["tooltip-format"].isString()) {
       tooltip_format = config_["tooltip-format"].asString();
     }
-    label_.set_tooltip_text(fmt::format(tooltip_format, fmt::arg("timeTo", tooltip_text_default),
+    label_.set_tooltip_text(fmt::format(fmt::runtime(tooltip_format),
+                                        fmt::arg("timeTo", tooltip_text_default),
                                         fmt::arg("power", power), fmt::arg("capacity", capacity),
                                         fmt::arg("time", time_remaining_formatted)));
   }
@@ -665,9 +666,9 @@ auto waybar::modules::Battery::update() -> void {
   } else {
     event_box_.show();
     auto icons = std::vector<std::string>{status + "-" + state, status, state};
-    label_.set_markup(fmt::format(format, fmt::arg("capacity", capacity), fmt::arg("power", power),
-                                  fmt::arg("icon", getIcon(capacity, icons)),
-                                  fmt::arg("time", time_remaining_formatted)));
+    label_.set_markup(fmt::format(
+        fmt::runtime(format), fmt::arg("capacity", capacity), fmt::arg("power", power),
+        fmt::arg("icon", getIcon(capacity, icons)), fmt::arg("time", time_remaining_formatted)));
   }
   // Call parent update
   ALabel::update();
diff --git a/src/modules/bluetooth.cpp b/src/modules/bluetooth.cpp
index e6a1fe39..c3a25473 100644
--- a/src/modules/bluetooth.cpp
+++ b/src/modules/bluetooth.cpp
@@ -206,7 +206,8 @@ auto waybar::modules::Bluetooth::update() -> void {
   state_ = state;
 
   label_.set_markup(fmt::format(
-      format_, fmt::arg("status", state_), fmt::arg("num_connections", connected_devices_.size()),
+      fmt::runtime(format_), fmt::arg("status", state_),
+      fmt::arg("num_connections", connected_devices_.size()),
       fmt::arg("controller_address", cur_controller_.address),
       fmt::arg("controller_address_type", cur_controller_.address_type),
       fmt::arg("controller_alias", cur_controller_.alias),
@@ -234,7 +235,7 @@ auto waybar::modules::Bluetooth::update() -> void {
             enumerate_format = config_["tooltip-format-enumerate-connected"].asString();
           }
           ss << fmt::format(
-              enumerate_format, fmt::arg("device_address", dev.address),
+              fmt::runtime(enumerate_format), fmt::arg("device_address", dev.address),
               fmt::arg("device_address_type", dev.address_type),
               fmt::arg("device_alias", dev.alias), fmt::arg("icon", enumerate_icon),
               fmt::arg("device_battery_percentage", dev.battery_percentage.value_or(0)));
@@ -247,7 +248,7 @@ auto waybar::modules::Bluetooth::update() -> void {
       }
     }
     label_.set_tooltip_text(fmt::format(
-        tooltip_format, fmt::arg("status", state_),
+        fmt::runtime(tooltip_format), fmt::arg("status", state_),
         fmt::arg("num_connections", connected_devices_.size()),
         fmt::arg("controller_address", cur_controller_.address),
         fmt::arg("controller_address_type", cur_controller_.address_type),
diff --git a/src/modules/clock.cpp b/src/modules/clock.cpp
index 360b7467..0dbd255d 100644
--- a/src/modules/clock.cpp
+++ b/src/modules/clock.cpp
@@ -121,9 +121,9 @@ auto waybar::modules::Clock::update() -> void {
     // As date dep is not fully compatible, prefer fmt
     tzset();
     auto localtime = fmt::localtime(std::chrono::system_clock::to_time_t(now));
-    text = fmt::format(locale_, format_, localtime);
+    text = fmt::format(locale_, fmt::runtime(format_), localtime);
   } else {
-    text = fmt::format(locale_, format_, ztime);
+    text = fmt::format(locale_, fmt::runtime(format_), ztime);
   }
   label_.set_markup(text);
 
@@ -138,7 +138,7 @@ auto waybar::modules::Clock::update() -> void {
         timezoned_time_lines = timezones_text(&now);
       }
       auto tooltip_format = config_["tooltip-format"].asString();
-      text = fmt::format(locale_, tooltip_format, shifted_ztime,
+      text = fmt::format(locale_, fmt::runtime(tooltip_format), shifted_ztime,
                          fmt::arg(kCalendarPlaceholder.c_str(), calendar_lines),
                          fmt::arg(KTimezonedTimeListPlaceholder.c_str(), timezoned_time_lines));
       label_.set_tooltip_markup(text);
@@ -228,7 +228,7 @@ auto waybar::modules::Clock::calendar_text(const date::zoned_seconds& ztime) ->
 
   /* Print weeknumber on the left for the first row*/
   if (weeks_pos == WeeksSide::LEFT) {
-    os << fmt::format(fmt_str_weeks_, print_wd) << ' ';
+    os << fmt::format(fmt::runtime(fmt_str_weeks_), print_wd) << ' ';
   }
 
   if (empty_days > 0) {
@@ -242,7 +242,7 @@ auto waybar::modules::Clock::calendar_text(const date::zoned_seconds& ztime) ->
       os << ' ';
     } else if (unsigned(d) != 1) {
       if (weeks_pos == WeeksSide::RIGHT) {
-        os << ' ' << fmt::format(fmt_str_weeks_, print_wd);
+        os << ' ' << fmt::format(fmt::runtime(fmt_str_weeks_), print_wd);
       }
 
       os << '\n';
@@ -250,19 +250,19 @@ auto waybar::modules::Clock::calendar_text(const date::zoned_seconds& ztime) ->
       print_wd = (ym / d);
 
       if (weeks_pos == WeeksSide::LEFT) {
-        os << fmt::format(fmt_str_weeks_, print_wd) << ' ';
+        os << fmt::format(fmt::runtime(fmt_str_weeks_), print_wd) << ' ';
       }
     }
 
     if (d == curr_day) {
       if (config_["today-format"].isString()) {
         auto today_format = config_["today-format"].asString();
-        os << fmt::format(today_format, date::format("%e", d));
+        os << fmt::format(fmt::runtime(today_format), date::format("%e", d));
       } else {
         os << "<b><u>" << date::format("%e", d) << "</u></b>";
       }
     } else {
-      os << fmt::format(fmt_str_calendar_, date::format("%e", d));
+      os << fmt::format(fmt::runtime(fmt_str_calendar_), date::format("%e", d));
     }
     /*Print weeks on the right when the endings with spaces*/
     if (weeks_pos == WeeksSide::RIGHT && d == last_day) {
@@ -271,7 +271,7 @@ auto waybar::modules::Clock::calendar_text(const date::zoned_seconds& ztime) ->
         os << std::string(empty_days * 3, ' ');
       }
 
-      os << ' ' << fmt::format(fmt_str_weeks_, print_wd);
+      os << ' ' << fmt::format(fmt::runtime(fmt_str_weeks_), print_wd);
     }
   }
 
@@ -303,7 +303,8 @@ auto waybar::modules::Clock::weekdays_header(const date::weekday& first_week_day
   res << '\n';
 
   if (config_["format-calendar-weekdays"].isString()) {
-    os << fmt::format(config_["format-calendar-weekdays"].asString(), res.str());
+    auto weekdays_format = config_["format-calendar-weekdays"].asString();
+    os << fmt::format(fmt::runtime(weekdays_format), res.str());
   } else
     os << res.str();
 }
@@ -323,7 +324,7 @@ auto waybar::modules::Clock::timezones_text(std::chrono::system_clock::time_poin
       timezone = date::current_zone();
     }
     auto ztime = date::zoned_time{timezone, date::floor<std::chrono::seconds>(*now)};
-    os << fmt::format(locale_, format_, ztime) << '\n';
+    os << fmt::format(locale_, fmt::runtime(format_), ztime) << '\n';
   }
   return os.str();
 }
diff --git a/src/modules/custom.cpp b/src/modules/custom.cpp
index 23dba38d..3100adc5 100644
--- a/src/modules/custom.cpp
+++ b/src/modules/custom.cpp
@@ -126,7 +126,7 @@ auto waybar::modules::Custom::update() -> void {
     } else {
       parseOutputRaw();
     }
-    auto str = fmt::format(format_, text_, fmt::arg("alt", alt_),
+    auto str = fmt::format(fmt::runtime(format_), text_, fmt::arg("alt", alt_),
                            fmt::arg("icon", getIcon(percentage_, alt_)),
                            fmt::arg("percentage", percentage_));
     if (str.empty()) {
diff --git a/src/modules/disk.cpp b/src/modules/disk.cpp
index 5578dc2f..eb4d902f 100644
--- a/src/modules/disk.cpp
+++ b/src/modules/disk.cpp
@@ -58,11 +58,11 @@ auto waybar::modules::Disk::update() -> void {
     event_box_.hide();
   } else {
     event_box_.show();
-    label_.set_markup(
-        fmt::format(format, stats.f_bavail * 100 / stats.f_blocks, fmt::arg("free", free),
-                    fmt::arg("percentage_free", stats.f_bavail * 100 / stats.f_blocks),
-                    fmt::arg("used", used), fmt::arg("percentage_used", percentage_used),
-                    fmt::arg("total", total), fmt::arg("path", path_)));
+    label_.set_markup(fmt::format(
+        fmt::runtime(format), stats.f_bavail * 100 / stats.f_blocks, fmt::arg("free", free),
+        fmt::arg("percentage_free", stats.f_bavail * 100 / stats.f_blocks), fmt::arg("used", used),
+        fmt::arg("percentage_used", percentage_used), fmt::arg("total", total),
+        fmt::arg("path", path_)));
   }
 
   if (tooltipEnabled()) {
@@ -70,11 +70,11 @@ auto waybar::modules::Disk::update() -> void {
     if (config_["tooltip-format"].isString()) {
       tooltip_format = config_["tooltip-format"].asString();
     }
-    label_.set_tooltip_text(
-        fmt::format(tooltip_format, stats.f_bavail * 100 / stats.f_blocks, fmt::arg("free", free),
-                    fmt::arg("percentage_free", stats.f_bavail * 100 / stats.f_blocks),
-                    fmt::arg("used", used), fmt::arg("percentage_used", percentage_used),
-                    fmt::arg("total", total), fmt::arg("path", path_)));
+    label_.set_tooltip_text(fmt::format(
+        fmt::runtime(tooltip_format), stats.f_bavail * 100 / stats.f_blocks, fmt::arg("free", free),
+        fmt::arg("percentage_free", stats.f_bavail * 100 / stats.f_blocks), fmt::arg("used", used),
+        fmt::arg("percentage_used", percentage_used), fmt::arg("total", total),
+        fmt::arg("path", path_)));
   }
   // Call parent update
   ALabel::update();
diff --git a/src/modules/gamemode.cpp b/src/modules/gamemode.cpp
index 7129297d..1b8d7fcb 100644
--- a/src/modules/gamemode.cpp
+++ b/src/modules/gamemode.cpp
@@ -213,14 +213,14 @@ auto Gamemode::update() -> void {
 
   // Tooltip
   if (tooltip) {
-    std::string text = fmt::format(tooltip_format, fmt::arg("count", gameCount));
+    std::string text = fmt::format(fmt::runtime(tooltip_format), fmt::arg("count", gameCount));
     box_.set_tooltip_text(text);
   }
 
   // Label format
-  std::string str =
-      fmt::format(showAltText ? format_alt : format, fmt::arg("glyph", useIcon ? "" : glyph),
-                  fmt::arg("count", gameCount > 0 ? std::to_string(gameCount) : ""));
+  std::string str = fmt::format(fmt::runtime(showAltText ? format_alt : format),
+                                fmt::arg("glyph", useIcon ? "" : glyph),
+                                fmt::arg("count", gameCount > 0 ? std::to_string(gameCount) : ""));
   label_.set_markup(str);
 
   if (useIcon) {
diff --git a/src/modules/hyprland/language.cpp b/src/modules/hyprland/language.cpp
index 6cadd623..d398b232 100644
--- a/src/modules/hyprland/language.cpp
+++ b/src/modules/hyprland/language.cpp
@@ -59,9 +59,9 @@ void Language::onEvent(const std::string& ev) {
 
   if (config_.isMember("format-" + briefName)) {
     const auto propName = "format-" + briefName;
-    layoutName = fmt::format(format_, config_[propName].asString());
+    layoutName = fmt::format(fmt::runtime(format_), config_[propName].asString());
   } else {
-    layoutName = fmt::format(format_, layoutName);
+    layoutName = fmt::format(fmt::runtime(format_), layoutName);
   }
 
   layoutName = waybar::util::sanitize_string(layoutName);
@@ -92,9 +92,9 @@ void Language::initLanguage() {
 
     if (config_.isMember("format-" + briefName)) {
       const auto propName = "format-" + briefName;
-      layoutName = fmt::format(format_, config_[propName].asString());
+      layoutName = fmt::format(fmt::runtime(format_), config_[propName].asString());
     } else {
-      layoutName = fmt::format(format_, searcher);
+      layoutName = fmt::format(fmt::runtime(format_), searcher);
     }
 
     layoutName = waybar::util::sanitize_string(layoutName);
diff --git a/src/modules/hyprland/submap.cpp b/src/modules/hyprland/submap.cpp
index d61c8d41..22acbf31 100644
--- a/src/modules/hyprland/submap.cpp
+++ b/src/modules/hyprland/submap.cpp
@@ -34,7 +34,7 @@ auto Submap::update() -> void {
   if (submap_.empty()) {
     event_box_.hide();
   } else {
-    label_.set_markup(fmt::format(format_, submap_));
+    label_.set_markup(fmt::format(fmt::runtime(format_), submap_));
     if (tooltipEnabled()) {
       label_.set_tooltip_text(submap_);
     }
diff --git a/src/modules/hyprland/window.cpp b/src/modules/hyprland/window.cpp
index d3d06cc5..47daae9b 100644
--- a/src/modules/hyprland/window.cpp
+++ b/src/modules/hyprland/window.cpp
@@ -40,8 +40,8 @@ auto Window::update() -> void {
 
   if (!format_.empty()) {
     label_.show();
-    label_.set_markup(
-        fmt::format(format_, waybar::util::rewriteTitle(lastView, config_["rewrite"])));
+    label_.set_markup(fmt::format(fmt::runtime(format_),
+                                  waybar::util::rewriteTitle(lastView, config_["rewrite"])));
   } else {
     label_.hide();
   }
diff --git a/src/modules/idle_inhibitor.cpp b/src/modules/idle_inhibitor.cpp
index c4109b0e..a5fc9ac7 100644
--- a/src/modules/idle_inhibitor.cpp
+++ b/src/modules/idle_inhibitor.cpp
@@ -63,21 +63,15 @@ auto waybar::modules::IdleInhibitor::update() -> void {
   }
 
   std::string status_text = status ? "activated" : "deactivated";
-  label_.set_markup(fmt::format(format_, fmt::arg("status", status_text),
+  label_.set_markup(fmt::format(fmt::runtime(format_), fmt::arg("status", status_text),
                                 fmt::arg("icon", getIcon(0, status_text))));
   label_.get_style_context()->add_class(status_text);
   if (tooltipEnabled()) {
-    label_.set_tooltip_markup(
-        status ? fmt::format(config_["tooltip-format-activated"].isString()
-                                 ? config_["tooltip-format-activated"].asString()
-                                 : "{status}",
-                             fmt::arg("status", status_text),
-                             fmt::arg("icon", getIcon(0, status_text)))
-               : fmt::format(config_["tooltip-format-deactivated"].isString()
-                                 ? config_["tooltip-format-deactivated"].asString()
-                                 : "{status}",
-                             fmt::arg("status", status_text),
-                             fmt::arg("icon", getIcon(0, status_text))));
+    auto config = config_[status ? "tooltip-format-activated" : "tooltip-format-deactivated"];
+    auto tooltip_format = config.isString() ? config.asString() : "{status}";
+    label_.set_tooltip_markup(fmt::format(fmt::runtime(tooltip_format),
+                                          fmt::arg("status", status_text),
+                                          fmt::arg("icon", getIcon(0, status_text))));
   }
   // Call parent update
   ALabel::update();
diff --git a/src/modules/inhibitor.cpp b/src/modules/inhibitor.cpp
index e4340b14..fe2a4be4 100644
--- a/src/modules/inhibitor.cpp
+++ b/src/modules/inhibitor.cpp
@@ -118,7 +118,7 @@ auto Inhibitor::update() -> void {
   std::string status_text = activated() ? "activated" : "deactivated";
 
   label_.get_style_context()->remove_class(activated() ? "deactivated" : "activated");
-  label_.set_markup(fmt::format(format_, fmt::arg("status", status_text),
+  label_.set_markup(fmt::format(fmt::runtime(format_), fmt::arg("status", status_text),
                                 fmt::arg("icon", getIcon(0, status_text))));
   label_.get_style_context()->add_class(status_text);
 
diff --git a/src/modules/jack.cpp b/src/modules/jack.cpp
index 3a92110c..9bd6fcd6 100644
--- a/src/modules/jack.cpp
+++ b/src/modules/jack.cpp
@@ -72,7 +72,7 @@ auto JACK::update() -> void {
   } else
     format = "{load}%";
 
-  label_.set_markup(fmt::format(format, fmt::arg("load", std::round(load_)),
+  label_.set_markup(fmt::format(fmt::runtime(format), fmt::arg("load", std::round(load_)),
                                 fmt::arg("bufsize", bufsize_), fmt::arg("samplerate", samplerate_),
                                 fmt::arg("latency", fmt::format("{:.2f}", latency)),
                                 fmt::arg("xruns", xruns_)));
@@ -81,9 +81,9 @@ auto JACK::update() -> void {
     std::string tooltip_format = "{bufsize}/{samplerate} {latency}ms";
     if (config_["tooltip-format"].isString()) tooltip_format = config_["tooltip-format"].asString();
     label_.set_tooltip_text(fmt::format(
-        tooltip_format, fmt::arg("load", std::round(load_)), fmt::arg("bufsize", bufsize_),
-        fmt::arg("samplerate", samplerate_), fmt::arg("latency", fmt::format("{:.2f}", latency)),
-        fmt::arg("xruns", xruns_)));
+        fmt::runtime(tooltip_format), fmt::arg("load", std::round(load_)),
+        fmt::arg("bufsize", bufsize_), fmt::arg("samplerate", samplerate_),
+        fmt::arg("latency", fmt::format("{:.2f}", latency)), fmt::arg("xruns", xruns_)));
   }
 
   // Call parent update
diff --git a/src/modules/keyboard_state.cpp b/src/modules/keyboard_state.cpp
index b2750b68..4c081d6a 100644
--- a/src/modules/keyboard_state.cpp
+++ b/src/modules/keyboard_state.cpp
@@ -278,7 +278,7 @@ auto waybar::modules::KeyboardState::update() -> void {
   };
   for (auto& label_state : label_states) {
     std::string text;
-    text = fmt::format(label_state.format,
+    text = fmt::format(fmt::runtime(label_state.format),
                        fmt::arg("icon", label_state.state ? icon_locked_ : icon_unlocked_),
                        fmt::arg("name", label_state.name));
     label_state.label.set_markup(text);
diff --git a/src/modules/memory/common.cpp b/src/modules/memory/common.cpp
index 4a0e6347..544d7814 100644
--- a/src/modules/memory/common.cpp
+++ b/src/modules/memory/common.cpp
@@ -56,7 +56,8 @@ auto waybar::modules::Memory::update() -> void {
       event_box_.show();
       auto icons = std::vector<std::string>{state};
       label_.set_markup(fmt::format(
-          format, used_ram_percentage, fmt::arg("icon", getIcon(used_ram_percentage, icons)),
+          fmt::runtime(format), used_ram_percentage,
+          fmt::arg("icon", getIcon(used_ram_percentage, icons)),
           fmt::arg("total", total_ram_gigabytes), fmt::arg("swapTotal", total_swap_gigabytes),
           fmt::arg("percentage", used_ram_percentage),
           fmt::arg("swapPercentage", used_swap_percentage), fmt::arg("used", used_ram_gigabytes),
@@ -68,8 +69,8 @@ auto waybar::modules::Memory::update() -> void {
       if (config_["tooltip-format"].isString()) {
         auto tooltip_format = config_["tooltip-format"].asString();
         label_.set_tooltip_text(fmt::format(
-            tooltip_format, used_ram_percentage, fmt::arg("total", total_ram_gigabytes),
-            fmt::arg("swapTotal", total_swap_gigabytes),
+            fmt::runtime(tooltip_format), used_ram_percentage,
+            fmt::arg("total", total_ram_gigabytes), fmt::arg("swapTotal", total_swap_gigabytes),
             fmt::arg("percentage", used_ram_percentage),
             fmt::arg("swapPercentage", used_swap_percentage), fmt::arg("used", used_ram_gigabytes),
             fmt::arg("swapUsed", used_swap_gigabytes), fmt::arg("avail", available_ram_gigabytes),
diff --git a/src/modules/mpd/mpd.cpp b/src/modules/mpd/mpd.cpp
index 401b7594..e7288974 100644
--- a/src/modules/mpd/mpd.cpp
+++ b/src/modules/mpd/mpd.cpp
@@ -174,14 +174,14 @@ void waybar::modules::MPD::setLabel() {
 
   try {
     auto text = fmt::format(
-        format, fmt::arg("artist", artist.raw()), fmt::arg("albumArtist", album_artist.raw()),
-        fmt::arg("album", album.raw()), fmt::arg("title", title.raw()), fmt::arg("date", date),
-        fmt::arg("volume", volume), fmt::arg("elapsedTime", elapsedTime),
-        fmt::arg("totalTime", totalTime), fmt::arg("songPosition", song_pos),
-        fmt::arg("queueLength", queue_length), fmt::arg("stateIcon", stateIcon),
-        fmt::arg("consumeIcon", consumeIcon), fmt::arg("randomIcon", randomIcon),
-        fmt::arg("repeatIcon", repeatIcon), fmt::arg("singleIcon", singleIcon),
-        fmt::arg("filename", filename));
+        fmt::runtime(format), fmt::arg("artist", artist.raw()),
+        fmt::arg("albumArtist", album_artist.raw()), fmt::arg("album", album.raw()),
+        fmt::arg("title", title.raw()), fmt::arg("date", date), fmt::arg("volume", volume),
+        fmt::arg("elapsedTime", elapsedTime), fmt::arg("totalTime", totalTime),
+        fmt::arg("songPosition", song_pos), fmt::arg("queueLength", queue_length),
+        fmt::arg("stateIcon", stateIcon), fmt::arg("consumeIcon", consumeIcon),
+        fmt::arg("randomIcon", randomIcon), fmt::arg("repeatIcon", repeatIcon),
+        fmt::arg("singleIcon", singleIcon), fmt::arg("filename", filename));
     if (text.empty()) {
       label_.hide();
     } else {
@@ -198,7 +198,7 @@ void waybar::modules::MPD::setLabel() {
                                                           : "MPD (connected)";
     try {
       auto tooltip_text =
-          fmt::format(tooltip_format, fmt::arg("artist", artist.raw()),
+          fmt::format(fmt::runtime(tooltip_format), fmt::arg("artist", artist.raw()),
                       fmt::arg("albumArtist", album_artist.raw()), fmt::arg("album", album.raw()),
                       fmt::arg("title", title.raw()), fmt::arg("date", date),
                       fmt::arg("volume", volume), fmt::arg("elapsedTime", elapsedTime),
diff --git a/src/modules/mpris/mpris.cpp b/src/modules/mpris/mpris.cpp
index 651dfd51..f11821fc 100644
--- a/src/modules/mpris/mpris.cpp
+++ b/src/modules/mpris/mpris.cpp
@@ -378,10 +378,10 @@ auto Mpris::update() -> void {
       break;
   }
   auto label_format =
-      fmt::format(formatstr, fmt::arg("player", info.name), fmt::arg("status", info.status_string),
-                  fmt::arg("artist", *info.artist), fmt::arg("title", *info.title),
-                  fmt::arg("album", *info.album), fmt::arg("length", *info.length),
-                  fmt::arg("dynamic", dynamic.str()),
+      fmt::format(fmt::runtime(formatstr), fmt::arg("player", info.name),
+                  fmt::arg("status", info.status_string), fmt::arg("artist", *info.artist),
+                  fmt::arg("title", *info.title), fmt::arg("album", *info.album),
+                  fmt::arg("length", *info.length), fmt::arg("dynamic", dynamic.str()),
                   fmt::arg("player_icon", getIcon(config_["player-icons"], info.name)),
                   fmt::arg("status_icon", getIcon(config_["status-icons"], info.status_string)));
   label_.set_markup(label_format);
diff --git a/src/modules/network.cpp b/src/modules/network.cpp
index a4797eec..84093119 100644
--- a/src/modules/network.cpp
+++ b/src/modules/network.cpp
@@ -331,7 +331,7 @@ auto waybar::modules::Network::update() -> void {
   getState(signal_strength_);
 
   auto text = fmt::format(
-      format_, fmt::arg("essid", essid_), fmt::arg("signaldBm", signal_strength_dbm_),
+      fmt::runtime(format_), fmt::arg("essid", essid_), fmt::arg("signaldBm", signal_strength_dbm_),
       fmt::arg("signalStrength", signal_strength_),
       fmt::arg("signalStrengthApp", signal_strength_app_), fmt::arg("ifname", ifname_),
       fmt::arg("netmask", netmask_), fmt::arg("ipaddr", ipaddr_), fmt::arg("gwaddr", gwaddr_),
@@ -363,8 +363,8 @@ auto waybar::modules::Network::update() -> void {
     }
     if (!tooltip_format.empty()) {
       auto tooltip_text = fmt::format(
-          tooltip_format, fmt::arg("essid", essid_), fmt::arg("signaldBm", signal_strength_dbm_),
-          fmt::arg("signalStrength", signal_strength_),
+          fmt::runtime(tooltip_format), fmt::arg("essid", essid_),
+          fmt::arg("signaldBm", signal_strength_dbm_), fmt::arg("signalStrength", signal_strength_),
           fmt::arg("signalStrengthApp", signal_strength_app_), fmt::arg("ifname", ifname_),
           fmt::arg("netmask", netmask_), fmt::arg("ipaddr", ipaddr_), fmt::arg("gwaddr", gwaddr_),
           fmt::arg("cidr", cidr_), fmt::arg("frequency", fmt::format("{:.1f}", frequency_)),
diff --git a/src/modules/pulseaudio.cpp b/src/modules/pulseaudio.cpp
index c7979976..06307103 100644
--- a/src/modules/pulseaudio.cpp
+++ b/src/modules/pulseaudio.cpp
@@ -294,9 +294,9 @@ auto waybar::modules::Pulseaudio::update() -> void {
       format_source = config_["format-source"].asString();
     }
   }
-  format_source = fmt::format(format_source, fmt::arg("volume", source_volume_));
+  format_source = fmt::format(fmt::runtime(format_source), fmt::arg("volume", source_volume_));
   auto text = fmt::format(
-      format, fmt::arg("desc", desc_), fmt::arg("volume", volume_),
+      fmt::runtime(format), fmt::arg("desc", desc_), fmt::arg("volume", volume_),
       fmt::arg("format_source", format_source), fmt::arg("source_volume", source_volume_),
       fmt::arg("source_desc", source_desc_), fmt::arg("icon", getIcon(volume_, getPulseIcon())));
   if (text.empty()) {
@@ -313,7 +313,7 @@ auto waybar::modules::Pulseaudio::update() -> void {
     }
     if (!tooltip_format.empty()) {
       label_.set_tooltip_text(fmt::format(
-          tooltip_format, fmt::arg("desc", desc_), fmt::arg("volume", volume_),
+          fmt::runtime(tooltip_format), fmt::arg("desc", desc_), fmt::arg("volume", volume_),
           fmt::arg("format_source", format_source), fmt::arg("source_volume", source_volume_),
           fmt::arg("source_desc", source_desc_),
           fmt::arg("icon", getIcon(volume_, getPulseIcon()))));
diff --git a/src/modules/river/mode.cpp b/src/modules/river/mode.cpp
index 4a51c832..1f788e09 100644
--- a/src/modules/river/mode.cpp
+++ b/src/modules/river/mode.cpp
@@ -103,7 +103,7 @@ void Mode::handle_mode(const char *mode) {
     }
 
     label_.get_style_context()->add_class(mode);
-    label_.set_markup(fmt::format(format_, Glib::Markup::escape_text(mode).raw()));
+    label_.set_markup(fmt::format(fmt::runtime(format_), Glib::Markup::escape_text(mode).raw()));
     label_.show();
   }
 
diff --git a/src/modules/river/window.cpp b/src/modules/river/window.cpp
index d0f492f6..d93938c1 100644
--- a/src/modules/river/window.cpp
+++ b/src/modules/river/window.cpp
@@ -106,7 +106,7 @@ void Window::handle_focused_view(const char *title) {
     label_.hide();  // hide empty labels or labels with empty format
   } else {
     label_.show();
-    label_.set_markup(fmt::format(format_, Glib::Markup::escape_text(title).raw()));
+    label_.set_markup(fmt::format(fmt::runtime(format_), Glib::Markup::escape_text(title).raw()));
   }
 
   ALabel::update();
diff --git a/src/modules/sndio.cpp b/src/modules/sndio.cpp
index e6f1bd07..72e7207c 100644
--- a/src/modules/sndio.cpp
+++ b/src/modules/sndio.cpp
@@ -110,7 +110,8 @@ auto Sndio::update() -> void {
     label_.get_style_context()->remove_class("muted");
   }
 
-  auto text = fmt::format(format, fmt::arg("volume", vol), fmt::arg("raw_value", volume_));
+  auto text =
+      fmt::format(fmt::runtime(format), fmt::arg("volume", vol), fmt::arg("raw_value", volume_));
   if (text.empty()) {
     label_.hide();
   } else {
diff --git a/src/modules/sway/language.cpp b/src/modules/sway/language.cpp
index d3730a11..a5860bd0 100644
--- a/src/modules/sway/language.cpp
+++ b/src/modules/sway/language.cpp
@@ -96,14 +96,14 @@ void Language::onEvent(const struct Ipc::ipc_response& res) {
 auto Language::update() -> void {
   std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock(mutex_);
   auto display_layout = trim(fmt::format(
-      format_, fmt::arg("short", layout_.short_name),
+      fmt::runtime(format_), fmt::arg("short", layout_.short_name),
       fmt::arg("shortDescription", layout_.short_description), fmt::arg("long", layout_.full_name),
       fmt::arg("variant", layout_.variant), fmt::arg("flag", layout_.country_flag())));
   label_.set_markup(display_layout);
   if (tooltipEnabled()) {
     if (tooltip_format_ != "") {
       auto tooltip_display_layout = trim(
-          fmt::format(tooltip_format_, fmt::arg("short", layout_.short_name),
+          fmt::format(fmt::runtime(tooltip_format_), fmt::arg("short", layout_.short_name),
                       fmt::arg("shortDescription", layout_.short_description),
                       fmt::arg("long", layout_.full_name), fmt::arg("variant", layout_.variant),
                       fmt::arg("flag", layout_.country_flag())));
diff --git a/src/modules/sway/mode.cpp b/src/modules/sway/mode.cpp
index 7eaa523a..b81735e5 100644
--- a/src/modules/sway/mode.cpp
+++ b/src/modules/sway/mode.cpp
@@ -42,7 +42,7 @@ auto Mode::update() -> void {
   if (mode_.empty()) {
     event_box_.hide();
   } else {
-    label_.set_markup(fmt::format(format_, mode_));
+    label_.set_markup(fmt::format(fmt::runtime(format_), mode_));
     if (tooltipEnabled()) {
       label_.set_tooltip_text(mode_);
     }
diff --git a/src/modules/sway/scratchpad.cpp b/src/modules/sway/scratchpad.cpp
index 59e30530..17dc2707 100644
--- a/src/modules/sway/scratchpad.cpp
+++ b/src/modules/sway/scratchpad.cpp
@@ -32,7 +32,8 @@ auto Scratchpad::update() -> void {
   if (count_ || show_empty_) {
     event_box_.show();
     label_.set_markup(
-        fmt::format(format_, fmt::arg("icon", getIcon(count_, "", config_["format-icons"].size())),
+        fmt::format(fmt::runtime(format_),
+                    fmt::arg("icon", getIcon(count_, "", config_["format-icons"].size())),
                     fmt::arg("count", count_)));
     if (tooltip_enabled_) {
       label_.set_tooltip_markup(tooltip_text_);
@@ -64,7 +65,7 @@ auto Scratchpad::onCmd(const struct Ipc::ipc_response& res) -> void {
     if (tooltip_enabled_) {
       tooltip_text_.clear();
       for (const auto& window : tree["nodes"][0]["nodes"][0]["floating_nodes"]) {
-        tooltip_text_.append(fmt::format(tooltip_format_ + '\n',
+        tooltip_text_.append(fmt::format(fmt::runtime(tooltip_format_ + '\n'),
                                          fmt::arg("app", window["app_id"].asString()),
                                          fmt::arg("title", window["name"].asString())));
       }
diff --git a/src/modules/sway/window.cpp b/src/modules/sway/window.cpp
index 0e74b762..7d60d292 100644
--- a/src/modules/sway/window.cpp
+++ b/src/modules/sway/window.cpp
@@ -204,9 +204,10 @@ auto Window::update() -> void {
     old_app_id_ = app_id_;
   }
 
-  label_.set_markup(fmt::format(
-      format_, fmt::arg("title", waybar::util::rewriteTitle(window_, config_["rewrite"])),
-      fmt::arg("app_id", app_id_), fmt::arg("shell", shell_)));
+  label_.set_markup(
+      fmt::format(fmt::runtime(format_),
+                  fmt::arg("title", waybar::util::rewriteTitle(window_, config_["rewrite"])),
+                  fmt::arg("app_id", app_id_), fmt::arg("shell", shell_)));
   if (tooltipEnabled()) {
     label_.set_tooltip_text(window_);
   }
diff --git a/src/modules/sway/workspaces.cpp b/src/modules/sway/workspaces.cpp
index b621b83b..08742ae6 100644
--- a/src/modules/sway/workspaces.cpp
+++ b/src/modules/sway/workspaces.cpp
@@ -233,7 +233,7 @@ auto Workspaces::update() -> void {
     std::string output = (*it)["name"].asString();
     if (config_["format"].isString()) {
       auto format = config_["format"].asString();
-      output = fmt::format(format, fmt::arg("icon", getIcon(output, *it)),
+      output = fmt::format(fmt::runtime(format), fmt::arg("icon", getIcon(output, *it)),
                            fmt::arg("value", output), fmt::arg("name", trimWorkspaceName(output)),
                            fmt::arg("index", (*it)["num"].asString()));
     }
@@ -259,11 +259,9 @@ Gtk::Button &Workspaces::addButton(const Json::Value &node) {
       try {
         if (node["target_output"].isString()) {
           ipc_.sendCmd(IPC_COMMAND,
-                       fmt::format(workspace_switch_cmd_ + "; move workspace to output \"{}\"; " +
-                                       workspace_switch_cmd_,
-                                   "--no-auto-back-and-forth", node["name"].asString(),
-                                   node["target_output"].asString(), "--no-auto-back-and-forth",
-                                   node["name"].asString()));
+                       fmt::format(persistent_workspace_switch_cmd_, "--no-auto-back-and-forth",
+                                   node["name"].asString(), node["target_output"].asString(),
+                                   "--no-auto-back-and-forth", node["name"].asString()));
         } else {
           ipc_.sendCmd(IPC_COMMAND, fmt::format("workspace {} \"{}\"",
                                                 config_["disable-auto-back-and-forth"].asBool()
diff --git a/src/modules/temperature.cpp b/src/modules/temperature.cpp
index eca05a7d..ff722d7a 100644
--- a/src/modules/temperature.cpp
+++ b/src/modules/temperature.cpp
@@ -55,7 +55,7 @@ auto waybar::modules::Temperature::update() -> void {
   }
 
   auto max_temp = config_["critical-threshold"].isInt() ? config_["critical-threshold"].asInt() : 0;
-  label_.set_markup(fmt::format(format, fmt::arg("temperatureC", temperature_c),
+  label_.set_markup(fmt::format(fmt::runtime(format), fmt::arg("temperatureC", temperature_c),
                                 fmt::arg("temperatureF", temperature_f),
                                 fmt::arg("temperatureK", temperature_k),
                                 fmt::arg("icon", getIcon(temperature_c, "", max_temp))));
@@ -64,9 +64,9 @@ auto waybar::modules::Temperature::update() -> void {
     if (config_["tooltip-format"].isString()) {
       tooltip_format = config_["tooltip-format"].asString();
     }
-    label_.set_tooltip_text(fmt::format(tooltip_format, fmt::arg("temperatureC", temperature_c),
-                                        fmt::arg("temperatureF", temperature_f),
-                                        fmt::arg("temperatureK", temperature_k)));
+    label_.set_tooltip_text(fmt::format(
+        fmt::runtime(tooltip_format), fmt::arg("temperatureC", temperature_c),
+        fmt::arg("temperatureF", temperature_f), fmt::arg("temperatureK", temperature_k)));
   }
   // Call parent update
   ALabel::update();
diff --git a/src/modules/upower/upower.cpp b/src/modules/upower/upower.cpp
index eb29913e..38c1f7fe 100644
--- a/src/modules/upower/upower.cpp
+++ b/src/modules/upower/upower.cpp
@@ -336,8 +336,8 @@ auto UPower::update() -> void {
       break;
   }
   std::string label_format =
-      fmt::format(showAltText ? format_alt : format, fmt::arg("percentage", percentString),
-                  fmt::arg("time", time_format));
+      fmt::format(fmt::runtime(showAltText ? format_alt : format),
+                  fmt::arg("percentage", percentString), fmt::arg("time", time_format));
   // Only set the label text if it doesn't only contain spaces
   bool onlySpaces = true;
   for (auto& character : label_format) {
diff --git a/src/modules/user.cpp b/src/modules/user.cpp
index 2f7c6e9c..418fc585 100644
--- a/src/modules/user.cpp
+++ b/src/modules/user.cpp
@@ -127,16 +127,16 @@ auto User::update() -> void {
   auto startSystemTime = currentSystemTime - workSystemTimeSeconds;
   long workSystemDays = uptimeSeconds / 86400;
 
-  auto label = fmt::format(ALabel::format_, fmt::arg("up_H", fmt::format("{:%H}", startSystemTime)),
-                           fmt::arg("up_M", fmt::format("{:%M}", startSystemTime)),
-                           fmt::arg("up_d", fmt::format("{:%d}", startSystemTime)),
-                           fmt::arg("up_m", fmt::format("{:%m}", startSystemTime)),
-                           fmt::arg("up_Y", fmt::format("{:%Y}", startSystemTime)),
-                           fmt::arg("work_d", workSystemDays),
-                           fmt::arg("work_H", fmt::format("{:%H}", workSystemTimeSeconds)),
-                           fmt::arg("work_M", fmt::format("{:%M}", workSystemTimeSeconds)),
-                           fmt::arg("work_S", fmt::format("{:%S}", workSystemTimeSeconds)),
-                           fmt::arg("user", systemUser));
+  auto label = fmt::format(
+      fmt::runtime(ALabel::format_), fmt::arg("up_H", fmt::format("{:%H}", startSystemTime)),
+      fmt::arg("up_M", fmt::format("{:%M}", startSystemTime)),
+      fmt::arg("up_d", fmt::format("{:%d}", startSystemTime)),
+      fmt::arg("up_m", fmt::format("{:%m}", startSystemTime)),
+      fmt::arg("up_Y", fmt::format("{:%Y}", startSystemTime)), fmt::arg("work_d", workSystemDays),
+      fmt::arg("work_H", fmt::format("{:%H}", workSystemTimeSeconds)),
+      fmt::arg("work_M", fmt::format("{:%M}", workSystemTimeSeconds)),
+      fmt::arg("work_S", fmt::format("{:%S}", workSystemTimeSeconds)),
+      fmt::arg("user", systemUser));
   ALabel::label_.set_markup(label);
   AIconLabel::update();
 }
diff --git a/src/modules/wireplumber.cpp b/src/modules/wireplumber.cpp
index 9652e1e2..fd1a0d38 100644
--- a/src/modules/wireplumber.cpp
+++ b/src/modules/wireplumber.cpp
@@ -279,7 +279,7 @@ auto waybar::modules::Wireplumber::update() -> void {
     label_.get_style_context()->remove_class("muted");
   }
 
-  std::string markup = fmt::format(format, fmt::arg("node_name", node_name_),
+  std::string markup = fmt::format(fmt::runtime(format), fmt::arg("node_name", node_name_),
                                    fmt::arg("volume", volume_), fmt::arg("icon", getIcon(volume_)));
   label_.set_markup(markup);
 
@@ -291,9 +291,9 @@ auto waybar::modules::Wireplumber::update() -> void {
     }
 
     if (!tooltip_format.empty()) {
-      label_.set_tooltip_text(fmt::format(tooltip_format, fmt::arg("node_name", node_name_),
-                                          fmt::arg("volume", volume_),
-                                          fmt::arg("icon", getIcon(volume_))));
+      label_.set_tooltip_text(
+          fmt::format(fmt::runtime(tooltip_format), fmt::arg("node_name", node_name_),
+                      fmt::arg("volume", volume_), fmt::arg("icon", getIcon(volume_))));
     } else {
       label_.set_tooltip_text(node_name_);
     }
diff --git a/src/modules/wlr/taskbar.cpp b/src/modules/wlr/taskbar.cpp
index 54602446..427083ba 100644
--- a/src/modules/wlr/taskbar.cpp
+++ b/src/modules/wlr/taskbar.cpp
@@ -618,9 +618,10 @@ void Task::update() {
     app_id = Glib::Markup::escape_text(app_id);
   }
   if (!format_before_.empty()) {
-    auto txt = fmt::format(format_before_, fmt::arg("title", title), fmt::arg("name", name),
-                           fmt::arg("app_id", app_id), fmt::arg("state", state_string()),
-                           fmt::arg("short_state", state_string(true)));
+    auto txt =
+        fmt::format(fmt::runtime(format_before_), fmt::arg("title", title), fmt::arg("name", name),
+                    fmt::arg("app_id", app_id), fmt::arg("state", state_string()),
+                    fmt::arg("short_state", state_string(true)));
     if (markup)
       text_before_.set_markup(txt);
     else
@@ -628,9 +629,10 @@ void Task::update() {
     text_before_.show();
   }
   if (!format_after_.empty()) {
-    auto txt = fmt::format(format_after_, fmt::arg("title", title), fmt::arg("name", name),
-                           fmt::arg("app_id", app_id), fmt::arg("state", state_string()),
-                           fmt::arg("short_state", state_string(true)));
+    auto txt =
+        fmt::format(fmt::runtime(format_after_), fmt::arg("title", title), fmt::arg("name", name),
+                    fmt::arg("app_id", app_id), fmt::arg("state", state_string()),
+                    fmt::arg("short_state", state_string(true)));
     if (markup)
       text_after_.set_markup(txt);
     else
@@ -639,9 +641,10 @@ void Task::update() {
   }
 
   if (!format_tooltip_.empty()) {
-    auto txt = fmt::format(format_tooltip_, fmt::arg("title", title), fmt::arg("name", name),
-                           fmt::arg("app_id", app_id), fmt::arg("state", state_string()),
-                           fmt::arg("short_state", state_string(true)));
+    auto txt =
+        fmt::format(fmt::runtime(format_tooltip_), fmt::arg("title", title), fmt::arg("name", name),
+                    fmt::arg("app_id", app_id), fmt::arg("state", state_string()),
+                    fmt::arg("short_state", state_string(true)));
     if (markup)
       button_.set_tooltip_markup(txt);
     else
diff --git a/src/modules/wlr/workspace_manager.cpp b/src/modules/wlr/workspace_manager.cpp
index ade02695..c1b68c84 100644
--- a/src/modules/wlr/workspace_manager.cpp
+++ b/src/modules/wlr/workspace_manager.cpp
@@ -379,7 +379,7 @@ Workspace::~Workspace() {
 }
 
 auto Workspace::update() -> void {
-  label_.set_markup(fmt::format(format_, fmt::arg("name", name_),
+  label_.set_markup(fmt::format(fmt::runtime(format_), fmt::arg("name", name_),
                                 fmt::arg("icon", with_icon_ ? get_icon() : "")));
 }