diff --git a/include/rootston/view.h b/include/rootston/view.h
index 66a0cb3d..0844a6da 100644
--- a/include/rootston/view.h
+++ b/include/rootston/view.h
@@ -27,6 +27,8 @@ struct roots_xdg_surface_v6 {
 
 	struct wl_listener destroy;
 	struct wl_listener new_popup;
+	struct wl_listener map;
+	struct wl_listener unmap;
 	struct wl_listener request_move;
 	struct wl_listener request_resize;
 	struct wl_listener request_maximize;
diff --git a/include/wlr/types/wlr_xdg_shell_v6.h b/include/wlr/types/wlr_xdg_shell_v6.h
index 7dc746ce..959d420f 100644
--- a/include/wlr/types/wlr_xdg_shell_v6.h
+++ b/include/wlr/types/wlr_xdg_shell_v6.h
@@ -107,8 +107,7 @@ struct wlr_xdg_surface_v6 {
 
 	struct wl_list popups; // wlr_xdg_popup_v6::link
 
-	bool configured;
-	bool added;
+	bool added, configured, mapped;
 	uint32_t configure_serial;
 	struct wl_event_source *configure_idle;
 	uint32_t configure_next_serial;
@@ -127,6 +126,8 @@ struct wlr_xdg_surface_v6 {
 		struct wl_signal destroy;
 		struct wl_signal ping_timeout;
 		struct wl_signal new_popup;
+		struct wl_signal map;
+		struct wl_signal unmap;
 
 		struct wl_signal request_maximize;
 		struct wl_signal request_fullscreen;
diff --git a/rootston/desktop.c b/rootston/desktop.c
index 66c7ac2b..278f4fea 100644
--- a/rootston/desktop.c
+++ b/rootston/desktop.c
@@ -54,7 +54,8 @@ void view_get_deco_box(const struct roots_view *view, struct wlr_box *box) {
 	box->height += (view->border_width * 2 + view->titlebar_height);
 }
 
-enum roots_deco_part view_get_deco_part(struct roots_view *view, double sx, double sy) {
+enum roots_deco_part view_get_deco_part(struct roots_view *view, double sx,
+		double sy) {
 	if (!view->decorated) {
 		return ROOTS_DECO_PART_NONE;
 	}
@@ -94,9 +95,15 @@ enum roots_deco_part view_get_deco_part(struct roots_view *view, double sx, doub
 static void view_update_output(const struct roots_view *view,
 		const struct wlr_box *before) {
 	struct roots_desktop *desktop = view->desktop;
-	struct roots_output *output;
+
+	if (view->wlr_surface == NULL) {
+		return;
+	}
+
 	struct wlr_box box;
 	view_get_box(view, &box);
+
+	struct roots_output *output;
 	wl_list_for_each(output, &desktop->outputs, link) {
 		bool intersected = before != NULL && wlr_output_layout_intersects(
 			desktop->layout, output->wlr_output, before);
@@ -479,7 +486,10 @@ void view_initial_focus(struct roots_view *view) {
 void view_setup(struct roots_view *view) {
 	view_initial_focus(view);
 
-	view_center(view);
+	if (view->fullscreen_output == NULL) {
+		view_center(view);
+	}
+
 	view_update_output(view, NULL);
 }
 
diff --git a/rootston/output.c b/rootston/output.c
index 4d0a9c05..adcbb961 100644
--- a/rootston/output.c
+++ b/rootston/output.c
@@ -501,7 +501,9 @@ static void render_output(struct roots_output *output) {
 			goto renderer_end;
 		}
 
-		view_for_each_surface(view, render_surface, &data);
+		if (view->wlr_surface != NULL) {
+			view_for_each_surface(view, render_surface, &data);
+		}
 
 		// During normal rendering the xwayland window tree isn't traversed
 		// because all windows are rendered. Here we only want to render
@@ -570,6 +572,9 @@ void output_damage_whole(struct roots_output *output) {
 
 static bool view_accept_damage(struct roots_output *output,
 		struct roots_view *view) {
+	if (view->wlr_surface == NULL) {
+		return false;
+	}
 	if (output->fullscreen_view == NULL) {
 		return true;
 	}
diff --git a/rootston/xdg_shell_v6.c b/rootston/xdg_shell_v6.c
index c49bd911..4591f642 100644
--- a/rootston/xdg_shell_v6.c
+++ b/rootston/xdg_shell_v6.c
@@ -243,6 +243,10 @@ static void handle_surface_commit(struct wl_listener *listener, void *data) {
 	struct roots_view *view = roots_surface->view;
 	struct wlr_xdg_surface_v6 *surface = view->xdg_surface_v6;
 
+	if (!surface->mapped) {
+		return;
+	}
+
 	view_apply_damage(view);
 
 	struct wlr_box size;
@@ -277,6 +281,28 @@ static void handle_new_popup(struct wl_listener *listener, void *data) {
 	popup_create(roots_xdg_surface->view, wlr_popup);
 }
 
+static void handle_map(struct wl_listener *listener, void *data) {
+	struct roots_xdg_surface_v6 *roots_xdg_surface =
+		wl_container_of(listener, roots_xdg_surface, map);
+	struct roots_view *view = roots_xdg_surface->view;
+
+	struct wlr_box box;
+	get_size(view, &box);
+	view->width = box.width;
+	view->height = box.height;
+
+	view_map(view, view->xdg_surface_v6->surface);
+	view_setup(view);
+}
+
+static void handle_unmap(struct wl_listener *listener, void *data) {
+	struct roots_xdg_surface_v6 *roots_xdg_surface =
+		wl_container_of(listener, roots_xdg_surface, unmap);
+	struct roots_view *view = roots_xdg_surface->view;
+
+	view_unmap(view);
+}
+
 static void handle_destroy(struct wl_listener *listener, void *data) {
 	struct roots_xdg_surface_v6 *roots_xdg_surface =
 		wl_container_of(listener, roots_xdg_surface, destroy);
@@ -317,6 +343,10 @@ void handle_xdg_shell_v6_surface(struct wl_listener *listener, void *data) {
 		&roots_surface->surface_commit);
 	roots_surface->destroy.notify = handle_destroy;
 	wl_signal_add(&surface->events.destroy, &roots_surface->destroy);
+	roots_surface->map.notify = handle_map;
+	wl_signal_add(&surface->events.map, &roots_surface->map);
+	roots_surface->unmap.notify = handle_unmap;
+	wl_signal_add(&surface->events.unmap, &roots_surface->unmap);
 	roots_surface->request_move.notify = handle_request_move;
 	wl_signal_add(&surface->events.request_move, &roots_surface->request_move);
 	roots_surface->request_resize.notify = handle_request_resize;
@@ -347,12 +377,4 @@ void handle_xdg_shell_v6_surface(struct wl_listener *listener, void *data) {
 	view->set_fullscreen = set_fullscreen;
 	view->close = close;
 	roots_surface->view = view;
-
-	struct wlr_box box;
-	get_size(view, &box);
-	view->width = box.width;
-	view->height = box.height;
-
-	view_map(view, surface->surface);
-	view_setup(view);
 }
diff --git a/types/wlr_xdg_shell_v6.c b/types/wlr_xdg_shell_v6.c
index e07d78a1..18f7393d 100644
--- a/types/wlr_xdg_shell_v6.c
+++ b/types/wlr_xdg_shell_v6.c
@@ -481,6 +481,7 @@ static void xdg_popup_resource_destroy(struct wl_resource *resource) {
 	struct wlr_xdg_surface_v6 *surface =
 		xdg_surface_from_xdg_popup_resource(resource);
 	if (surface != NULL) {
+		// TODO: don't destroy the surface, unmap it
 		xdg_surface_destroy(surface);
 	}
 }
@@ -792,6 +793,7 @@ static void xdg_toplevel_resource_destroy(struct wl_resource *resource) {
 	struct wlr_xdg_surface_v6 *surface =
 		xdg_surface_from_xdg_toplevel_resource(resource);
 	if (surface != NULL) {
+		// TODO: don't destroy the surface, unmap it
 		xdg_surface_destroy(surface);
 	}
 }
@@ -1172,9 +1174,19 @@ static void handle_wlr_surface_committed(struct wlr_surface *wlr_surface,
 		break;
 	}
 
-	if (surface->configured && !surface->added) {
+	if (!surface->added) {
 		surface->added = true;
-		wlr_signal_emit_safe(&surface->client->shell->events.new_surface, surface);
+		wlr_signal_emit_safe(&surface->client->shell->events.new_surface,
+			surface);
+	}
+	if (surface->configured && wlr_surface_has_buffer(surface->surface) &&
+			!surface->mapped) {
+		surface->mapped = true;
+		wlr_signal_emit_safe(&surface->events.map, surface);
+	}
+	if (surface->configured && !wlr_surface_has_buffer(surface->surface) &&
+			surface->mapped) {
+		// TODO: unmap the surface
 	}
 }
 
@@ -1249,6 +1261,8 @@ static void xdg_shell_get_xdg_surface(struct wl_client *wl_client,
 	wl_signal_init(&surface->events.destroy);
 	wl_signal_init(&surface->events.ping_timeout);
 	wl_signal_init(&surface->events.new_popup);
+	wl_signal_init(&surface->events.map);
+	wl_signal_init(&surface->events.unmap);
 
 	wl_signal_add(&surface->surface->events.destroy,
 		&surface->surface_destroy_listener);