# dburl [![GoDoc][godoc]][godoc-link] [![Build Status][travis-ci]][travis-ci-link]

Package `dburl` provides a standard, URL style mechanism for parsing and
opening SQL database connection strings for [Go][go-project]. Provides
standardized way to [parse][godoc-parse] and [open][godoc-open] URLs for
popular databases PostgreSQL, MySQL, SQLite3, Oracle Database, Microsoft SQL
Server, in addition to most other SQL databases with a publicly available Go
driver.

[godoc]: https://godoc.org/github.com/xo/dburl?status.svg (GoDoc)
[travis-ci]: https://travis-ci.org/xo/dburl.svg?branch=master (Travis CI)
[godoc-link]: https://godoc.org/github.com/xo/dburl
[travis-ci-link]: https://travis-ci.org/xo/dburl

[Overview][] | [Quickstart][] | [Examples][] | [Schemes][] | [Installing][] | [Using][] | [About][]

[Overview]: #database-connection-url-overview (Database Connection URL Overview)
[Quickstart]: #quickstart (Quickstart)
[Examples]: #example-urls (Example URLs)
[Schemes]: #protocol-schemes-and-aliases (Protocol Schemes and Aliases)
[Installing]: #installing (Installing)
[Using]: #using (Using)
[About]: #about (About)

## Database Connection URL Overview

Supported database connection URLs are of the form:

```
   protocol+transport://user:pass@host/dbname?opt1=a&opt2=b
   protocol:/path/to/file
```

Where:

| Component          | Description                                                                          |
|--------------------|--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|
| protocol           | driver name or alias (see below)                                                     |
| transport          | "tcp", "udp", "unix" or driver name (odbc/oleodbc)                                   |
| user               | username                                                                             |
| pass               | password                                                                             |
| host               | host                                                                                 |
| dbname<sup>*</sup> | database, instance, or service name/ID to connect to                                 |
| ?opt1=...          | additional database driver options (see respective SQL driver for available options) |

<i><sup><b>*</b></sup> for Microsoft SQL Server, `/dbname` can be
`/instance/dbname`, where `/instance` is optional. For Oracle Database,
`/dbname` is of the form `/service/dbname` where `/service` is the service name
or SID, and `/dbname` is optional. Please see below for examples.</i>

## Quickstart

Database connection URLs in the above format can be parsed with the
[`dburl.Parse` func][godoc-parse] as such:

```go
import (
    "github.com/xo/dburl"
)
u, err := dburl.Parse("postgresql://user:pass@localhost/mydatabase/?sslmode=disable")
if err != nil { /* ... */ }
```

Additionally, a simple helper, [`dburl.Open`][godoc-open], is provided that
will parse, open, and return a [standard `sql.DB` database][godoc-sql-db]
connection:

```go
import (
    "github.com/xo/dburl"
)
db, err := dburl.Open("sqlite:mydatabase.sqlite3?loc=auto")
if err != nil { /* ... */ }
```

## Example URLs

The following are example database connection URLs that can be handled by
[`dburl.Parse`][godoc-parse] and [`dburl.Open`][godoc-open]:

```
   postgres://user:pass@localhost/dbname
   pg://user:pass@localhost/dbname?sslmode=disable
   mysql://user:pass@localhost/dbname
   mysql:/var/run/mysqld/mysqld.sock
   sqlserver://user:pass@remote-host.com/dbname
   mssql://user:pass@remote-host.com/instance/dbname
   ms://user:pass@remote-host.com:port/instance/dbname?keepAlive=10
   oracle://user:pass@somehost.com/sid
   sap://user:pass@localhost/dbname
   sqlite:/path/to/file.db
   file:myfile.sqlite3?loc=auto
   odbc+postgres://user:pass@localhost:port/dbname?option1=
```

## Protocol Schemes and Aliases

The following protocols schemes (ie, driver) and their associated aliases are
supported out of the box:

| Database (scheme/driver)     | Protocol Aliases [real driver]            |
|------------------------------|-------------------------------------------|
| Microsoft SQL Server (mssql) | ms, sqlserver                             |
| MySQL (mysql)                | my, mariadb, maria, percona, aurora       |
| Oracle Database (goracle)    | or, ora, oracle, oci, oci8, odpi, odpi-c  |
| PostgreSQL (postgres)        | pg, postgresql, pgsql                     |
| SQLite3 (sqlite3)            | sq, sqlite, file                          |
|                              |                                           |
| Amazon Redshift (redshift)   | rs [postgres]                             |
| CockroachDB (cockroachdb)    | cr, cockroach, crdb, cdb [postgres]       |
| MemSQL (memsql)              | me [mysql]                                |
| TiDB (tidb)                  | ti [mysql]                                |
| Vitess (vitess)              | vt [mysql]                                |
|                              |                                           |
| Google Spanner (spanner)     | gs, google, span (not yet public)         |
|                              |                                           |
| MySQL (mymysql)              | zm, mymy                                  |
| PostgreSQL (pgx)             | px                                        |
|                              |                                           |
| Apache Avatica (avatica)     | av, phoenix                               |
| Apache Ignite (ignite)       | ig, gridgain                              |
| Cassandra (cql)              | ca, cassandra, datastax, scy, scylla      |
| ClickHouse (clickhouse)      | ch                                        |
| Couchbase (n1ql)             | n1, couchbase                             |
| Cznic QL (ql)                | ql, cznic, cznicql                        |
| Firebird SQL (firebirdsql)   | fb, firebird                              |
| Microsoft ADODB (adodb)      | ad, ado                                   |
| ODBC (odbc)                  | od                                        |
| OLE ODBC (oleodbc)           | oo, ole, oleodbc [adodb]                  |
| Presto (presto)              | pr, prestodb, prestos, prs, prestodbs     |
| SAP ASE (tds)                | ax, ase, sapase                           |
| SAP HANA (hdb)               | sa, saphana, sap, hana                    |
| Snowflake (snowflake)        | sf                                        |
| VoltDB (voltdb)              | vo, volt, vdb                             |

Any protocol scheme `alias://` can be used in place of `protocol://`, and will
work identically with [`dburl.Parse`][godoc-parse] and [`dburl.Open`][godoc-open].

## Installing

Install in the usual Go fashion:

```sh
go get -u github.com/xo/dburl
```

## Using

Please note that `dburl` does not import actual SQL drivers, and only provides
a standard way to [parse][godoc-parse]/[open][godoc-open] respective database
connection URLs.

For reference, these are the following "expected" SQL drivers that would need
to be imported:

| Database (driver)            | Package                                                                                     |
|------------------------------|---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|
| Microsoft SQL Server (mssql) | [github.com/denisenkom/go-mssqldb](https://github.com/denisenkom/go-mssqldb)                |
| MySQL (mysql)                | [github.com/go-sql-driver/mysql](https://github.com/go-sql-driver/mysql)                    |
| Oracle Database (goracle)    | [gopkg.in/goracle.v2](https://gopkg.in/goracle.v2)                                          |
| PostgreSQL (postgres)        | [github.com/lib/pq](https://github.com/lib/pq)                                              |
| SQLite3 (sqlite3)            | [github.com/mattn/go-sqlite3](https://github.com/mattn/go-sqlite3)                          |
|                              |                                                                                             |
| Amazon Redshift (redshift)   | [github.com/lib/pq](https://github.com/lib/pq)                                              |
| CockroachDB (cockroachdb)    | [github.com/lib/pq](https://github.com/lib/pq)                                              |
| MemSQL (memsql)              | [github.com/go-sql-driver/mysql](https://github.com/go-sql-driver/mysql)                    |
| TiDB (tidb)                  | [github.com/go-sql-driver/mysql](https://github.com/go-sql-driver/mysql)                    |
| Vitess (vitess)              | [github.com/go-sql-driver/mysql](https://github.com/go-sql-driver/mysql)                    |
|                              |                                                                                             |
| Google Spanner (spanner)     | github.com/xo/spanner (not yet public)                                                      |
|                              |                                                                                             |
| MySQL (mymysql)              | [github.com/ziutek/mymysql/godrv](https://github.com/ziutek/mymysql)                        |
| PostgreSQL (pgx)             | [github.com/jackc/pgx/stdlib](https://github.com/jackc/pgx)                                 |
|                              |                                                                                             |
| Apache Avatica (avatica)     | [github.com/Boostport/avatica](https://github.com/Boostport/avatica)                        |
| Apache Ignite (ignite)       | [github.com/amsokol/ignite-go-client/sql](https://github.com/amsokol/ignite-go-client)      |
| Cassandra (cql)              | [github.com/MichaelS11/go-cql-driver](https://github.com/MichaelS11/go-cql-driver)          |
| ClickHouse (clickhouse)      | [github.com/kshvakov/clickhouse](https://github.com/kshvakov/clickhouse)                    |
| Couchbase (n1ql)             | [github.com/couchbase/go_n1ql](https://github.com/couchbase/go_n1ql)                        |
| Cznic QL (ql)                | [github.com/cznic/ql](https://github.com/cznic/ql)                                          |
| Firebird SQL (firebirdsql)   | [github.com/nakagami/firebirdsql](https://github.com/nakagami/firebirdsql)                  |
| Microsoft ADODB (adodb)      | [github.com/mattn/go-adodb](https://github.com/mattn/go-adodb)                              |
| ODBC (odbc)                  | [github.com/alexbrainman/odbc](https://github.com/alexbrainman/odbc)                        |
| OLE ODBC (oleodbc)           | [github.com/mattn/go-adodb](https://github.com/mattn/go-adodb)                              |
| Presto (presto)              | [github.com/prestodb/presto-go-client/presto](https://github.com/prestodb/presto-go-client) |
| SAP ASE (tds)                | [github.com/thda/tds](https://github.com/thda/tds)                                          |
| SAP HANA (hdb)               | [github.com/SAP/go-hdb/driver](https://github.com/SAP/go-hdb)                               |
| Snowflake (snowflake)        | [github.com/snowflakedb/gosnowflake](https://github.com/snowflakedb/gosnowflake)            |
| VoltDB (voltdb)              | [github.com/VoltDB/voltdb-client-go/voltdbclient](github.com/VoltDB/voltdb-client-go])      |

Please see [the `dburl` GoDoc listing][godoc-link] for the full API
documentation.

### URL Parsing Rules

[`dburl.Parse`][godoc-parse] and [`dburl.Open`][godoc-open] rely primarily on
Go's standard [`net/url.URL`][godoc-net-url] type, and as such, parsing or
opening database connection URLs with `dburl` are subject to the same rules,
conventions, and semantics as [Go's `net/url.Parse` func][godoc-net-url-parse].

## Example

A [full example](_example/example.go) for reference:

```go
// _example/example.go
package main

import (
    "fmt"
    "log"

    _ "github.com/denisenkom/go-mssqldb"
    "github.com/xo/dburl"
)

func main() {
    db, err := dburl.Open("sqlserver://user:pass@localhost/dbname")
    if err != nil {
        log.Fatal(err)
    }

    var name string
    err = db.QueryRow(`SELECT name FROM mytable WHERE id=10`).Scan(&name)
    if err != nil {
        log.Fatal(err)
    }

    fmt.Printf(">> got: %s\n", name)
}
```

## About

`dburl` was built primarily to support these projects:

* [usql][usql] - a universal command-line interface for SQL databases
* [xo][xo] - a command-line tool to generate Go code from a database schema

[go-project]: https://golang.org/project
[godoc-open]: https://godoc.org/github.com/xo/dburl#Open
[godoc-parse]: https://godoc.org/github.com/xo/dburl#Parse
[godoc-sql-db]: https://godoc.org/database/sql#DB
[godoc-net-url]: https://godoc.org/net/url#URL
[godoc-net-url-parse]: https://godoc.org/net/url#URL.Parse

[usql]: https://github.com/xo/usql
[xo]: https://github.com/xo/xo