258 lines
8.2 KiB
Markdown
258 lines
8.2 KiB
Markdown
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# Path-to-RegExp
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> Turn an Express-style path string such as `/user/:name` into a regular expression.
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[![NPM version][npm-image]][npm-url]
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[![Build status][travis-image]][travis-url]
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[![Test coverage][coveralls-image]][coveralls-url]
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[![Dependency Status][david-image]][david-url]
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[![License][license-image]][license-url]
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[![Downloads][downloads-image]][downloads-url]
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## Installation
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```
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npm install path-to-regexp --save
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```
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## Usage
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```javascript
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var pathToRegexp = require('path-to-regexp')
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// pathToRegexp(path, keys, options)
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// pathToRegexp.parse(path)
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// pathToRegexp.compile(path)
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```
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- **path** An Express-style string, an array of strings, or a regular expression.
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- **keys** An array to be populated with the keys found in the path.
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- **options**
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- **sensitive** When `true` the route will be case sensitive. (default: `false`)
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- **strict** When `false` the trailing slash is optional. (default: `false`)
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- **end** When `false` the path will match at the beginning. (default: `true`)
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- **delimiter** Set the default delimiter for repeat parameters. (default: `'/'`)
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```javascript
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var keys = []
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var re = pathToRegexp('/foo/:bar', keys)
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// re = /^\/foo\/([^\/]+?)\/?$/i
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// keys = [{ name: 'bar', prefix: '/', delimiter: '/', optional: false, repeat: false, pattern: '[^\\/]+?' }]
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```
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**Please note:** The `RegExp` returned by `path-to-regexp` is intended for use with pathnames or hostnames. It can not handle the query strings or fragments of a URL.
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### Parameters
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The path string can be used to define parameters and populate the keys.
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#### Named Parameters
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Named parameters are defined by prefixing a colon to the parameter name (`:foo`). By default, the parameter will match until the following path segment.
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```js
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var re = pathToRegexp('/:foo/:bar', keys)
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// keys = [{ name: 'foo', prefix: '/', ... }, { name: 'bar', prefix: '/', ... }]
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re.exec('/test/route')
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//=> ['/test/route', 'test', 'route']
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```
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**Please note:** Named parameters must be made up of "word characters" (`[A-Za-z0-9_]`).
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```js
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var re = pathToRegexp('/(apple-)?icon-:res(\\d+).png', keys)
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// keys = [{ name: 0, prefix: '/', ... }, { name: 'res', prefix: '', ... }]
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re.exec('/icon-76.png')
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//=> ['/icon-76.png', undefined, '76']
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```
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#### Modified Parameters
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##### Optional
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Parameters can be suffixed with a question mark (`?`) to make the parameter optional. This will also make the prefix optional.
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```js
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var re = pathToRegexp('/:foo/:bar?', keys)
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// keys = [{ name: 'foo', ... }, { name: 'bar', delimiter: '/', optional: true, repeat: false }]
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re.exec('/test')
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//=> ['/test', 'test', undefined]
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re.exec('/test/route')
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//=> ['/test', 'test', 'route']
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```
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##### Zero or more
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Parameters can be suffixed with an asterisk (`*`) to denote a zero or more parameter matches. The prefix is taken into account for each match.
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```js
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var re = pathToRegexp('/:foo*', keys)
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// keys = [{ name: 'foo', delimiter: '/', optional: true, repeat: true }]
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re.exec('/')
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//=> ['/', undefined]
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re.exec('/bar/baz')
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//=> ['/bar/baz', 'bar/baz']
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```
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##### One or more
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Parameters can be suffixed with a plus sign (`+`) to denote a one or more parameter matches. The prefix is taken into account for each match.
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```js
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var re = pathToRegexp('/:foo+', keys)
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// keys = [{ name: 'foo', delimiter: '/', optional: false, repeat: true }]
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re.exec('/')
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//=> null
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re.exec('/bar/baz')
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//=> ['/bar/baz', 'bar/baz']
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```
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#### Custom Match Parameters
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All parameters can be provided a custom regexp, which overrides the default (`[^\/]+`).
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```js
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var re = pathToRegexp('/:foo(\\d+)', keys)
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// keys = [{ name: 'foo', ... }]
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re.exec('/123')
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//=> ['/123', '123']
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re.exec('/abc')
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//=> null
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```
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**Please note:** Backslashes need to be escaped with another backslash in strings.
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#### Unnamed Parameters
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It is possible to write an unnamed parameter that only consists of a matching group. It works the same as a named parameter, except it will be numerically indexed.
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```js
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var re = pathToRegexp('/:foo/(.*)', keys)
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// keys = [{ name: 'foo', ... }, { name: 0, ... }]
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re.exec('/test/route')
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//=> ['/test/route', 'test', 'route']
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```
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#### Asterisk
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An asterisk can be used for matching everything. It is equivalent to an unnamed matching group of `(.*)`.
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```js
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var re = pathToRegexp('/foo/*', keys)
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// keys = [{ name: '0', ... }]
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re.exec('/foo/bar/baz')
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//=> ['/foo/bar/baz', 'bar/baz']
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```
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### Parse
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The parse function is exposed via `pathToRegexp.parse`. This will return an array of strings and keys.
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```js
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var tokens = pathToRegexp.parse('/route/:foo/(.*)')
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console.log(tokens[0])
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//=> "/route"
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console.log(tokens[1])
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//=> { name: 'foo', prefix: '/', delimiter: '/', optional: false, repeat: false, pattern: '[^\\/]+?' }
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console.log(tokens[2])
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//=> { name: 0, prefix: '/', delimiter: '/', optional: false, repeat: false, pattern: '.*' }
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```
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**Note:** This method only works with Express-style strings.
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### Compile ("Reverse" Path-To-RegExp)
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Path-To-RegExp exposes a compile function for transforming an Express-style path into a valid path.
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```js
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var toPath = pathToRegexp.compile('/user/:id')
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toPath({ id: 123 }) //=> "/user/123"
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toPath({ id: 'café' }) //=> "/user/caf%C3%A9"
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toPath({ id: '/' }) //=> "/user/%2F"
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toPath({ id: ':' }) //=> "/user/%3A"
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toPath({ id: ':' }, { pretty: true }) //=> "/user/:"
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var toPathRepeated = pathToRegexp.compile('/:segment+')
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toPathRepeated({ segment: 'foo' }) //=> "/foo"
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toPathRepeated({ segment: ['a', 'b', 'c'] }) //=> "/a/b/c"
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var toPathRegexp = pathToRegexp.compile('/user/:id(\\d+)')
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toPathRegexp({ id: 123 }) //=> "/user/123"
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toPathRegexp({ id: '123' }) //=> "/user/123"
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toPathRegexp({ id: 'abc' }) //=> Throws `TypeError`.
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```
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**Note:** The generated function will throw on invalid input. It will do all necessary checks to ensure the generated path is valid. This method only works with strings.
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### Working with Tokens
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Path-To-RegExp exposes the two functions used internally that accept an array of tokens.
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* `pathToRegexp.tokensToRegExp(tokens, options)` Transform an array of tokens into a matching regular expression.
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* `pathToRegexp.tokensToFunction(tokens)` Transform an array of tokens into a path generator function.
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#### Token Information
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* `name` The name of the token (`string` for named or `number` for index)
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* `prefix` The prefix character for the segment (`/` or `.`)
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* `delimiter` The delimiter for the segment (same as prefix or `/`)
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* `optional` Indicates the token is optional (`boolean`)
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* `repeat` Indicates the token is repeated (`boolean`)
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* `partial` Indicates this token is a partial path segment (`boolean`)
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* `pattern` The RegExp used to match this token (`string`)
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* `asterisk` Indicates the token is an `*` match (`boolean`)
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## Compatibility with Express <= 4.x
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Path-To-RegExp breaks compatibility with Express <= `4.x`:
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* No longer a direct conversion to a RegExp with sugar on top - it's a path matcher with named and unnamed matching groups
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* It's unlikely you previously abused this feature, it's rare and you could always use a RegExp instead
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* All matching RegExp special characters can be used in a matching group. E.g. `/:user(.*)`
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* Other RegExp features are not support - no nested matching groups, non-capturing groups or look aheads
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* Parameters have suffixes that augment meaning - `*`, `+` and `?`. E.g. `/:user*`
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## TypeScript
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Includes a [`.d.ts`](index.d.ts) file for TypeScript users.
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## Live Demo
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You can see a live demo of this library in use at [express-route-tester](http://forbeslindesay.github.com/express-route-tester/).
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## License
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MIT
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[npm-image]: https://img.shields.io/npm/v/path-to-regexp.svg?style=flat
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[npm-url]: https://npmjs.org/package/path-to-regexp
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[travis-image]: https://img.shields.io/travis/pillarjs/path-to-regexp.svg?style=flat
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[travis-url]: https://travis-ci.org/pillarjs/path-to-regexp
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[coveralls-image]: https://img.shields.io/coveralls/pillarjs/path-to-regexp.svg?style=flat
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[coveralls-url]: https://coveralls.io/r/pillarjs/path-to-regexp?branch=master
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[david-image]: http://img.shields.io/david/pillarjs/path-to-regexp.svg?style=flat
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[david-url]: https://david-dm.org/pillarjs/path-to-regexp
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[license-image]: http://img.shields.io/npm/l/path-to-regexp.svg?style=flat
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[license-url]: LICENSE.md
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[downloads-image]: http://img.shields.io/npm/dm/path-to-regexp.svg?style=flat
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[downloads-url]: https://npmjs.org/package/path-to-regexp
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