mirror of https://gitlab.com/curben/blog
58 lines
3.3 KiB
Markdown
58 lines
3.3 KiB
Markdown
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---
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title: Running locally installed node packages
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date: 2018-10-24 00:00:00
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tags:
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---
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Installing a package with `--global` introduce more trouble than convenience. Here's how to run binaries of locally installed node packages.
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<!-- more -->
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By default, `npm install` installs packages as listed in `package.json` at 'node_modules' of your project folder. When a package ships with executables/binaries, usually user would install it globally using `sudo npm install --global/-g`.
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But you should try to avoid using `--global`. Installing globally means using a specific version of a package across different projects. It might be fine in certain use cases, but it would cause version conflict time when different project depends on different versions.
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Let say [Hexo](https://hexo.io). It ships with `hexo` binary, so you can [run](https://hexo.io/docs/) `hexo generate` or `hexo server`
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If you install it locally, the shell would complain `'hexo' command not found` when you try to run it. There are two methods of running the binaries, without using `--global`.
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## Method 1
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You can add `./node_modules/.bin` to **$PATH**. The beginning dot is so that it can work in any folder as long your current folder has `node_modules` folder. This way, you don't have to add all your project folder to $PATH.
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There are different ways of adding a folder to $PATH. If you simply run `export PATH="$PATH:./node_modules/.bin"`, it's only temporary and would be gone as soon as you close the terminal.
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To make the value persistent, the recommended way is to add it to `.profile` of your home folder. At least this applies to Ubuntu. To do that,
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```shell
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$ echo 'PATH="$PATH:./node_modules/.bin"' >> ~/.profile
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```
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If your distro supports `.bashrc` and doesn't use `.profile` at all, run
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```shell
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$ echo 'export PATH="$PATH:./node_modules/.bin"' >> ~/.bashrc
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```
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The command above *append* the directory location to $PATH. You might find some instructions online use `"./node_modules/.bin:$PATH"`, which *prepend* to $PATH. This makes node packages having precedence over `/usr/bin`(!). If a node package has malicious binaries with similar name as {% post_link unix-tools-line-endings 'Unix' %} {% post_link binaries-alpine-docker 'tools' %} like `cd` or `ls`, those will be executed instead of the ones in `/usr/bin`.
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## Method 2
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This method is mostly used for CI runner, so probably you're not gonna use it. Anyway, here it goes.
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Put it under `script` section of package.json. Usually it's above `dependencies` section. Assign a name for the command. You can include flags/arguments/options.
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For example,
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```json
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"scripts": {
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"build": "hexo generate",
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"test": "snyk auth $SNYK_TOKEN && snyk protect && snyk test && snyk monitor",
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"postbuild": "renovate --token $BOT_TOKEN --platform 'gitlab' --onboarding false --update-lock-files false --labels 'renovate' --recreate-closed true curben/blog"
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},
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```
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Running `npm run test` would execute `snyk auth $SNYK_TOKEN && snyk protect && snyk test && snyk monitor`.
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So, back to the Hexo example, you *could* put its most common operations like `hexo new post`, `hexo clean`, `hexo generate` or `hexo server` into the "scripts" section, and then `npm run [name]`.
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Source: [[1]](https://firstdoit.com/no-need-for-globals-using-npm-dependencies-in-npm-scripts-3dfb478908?gi=850cae7e854e), [[2]](http://2ality.com/2016/01/locally-installed-npm-executables.html)
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