blog/source/_posts/how-to-create-a-hexo-blog.md

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---
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title: How to create a Hexo blog on GitLab Pages
date: 2018-09-21 00:00:00
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lastUpdated: 2018-11-10 00:00:00
tags:
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- Hexo
- GitLab
---
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Create a website/blog using Hexo on [GitLab Pages](https://about.gitlab.com/features/pages/) for free using the following guide. Refer to my {% post_link hexo-blog-github 'another guide' %} for [GitHub Pages](https://pages.github.com/).
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## GitLab project
1. Register a free [GitLab](https://gitlab.com/users/sign_in#register-pane) account or use your current one.
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2. Fork the [repo of this blog](https://gitlab.com/curben/blog).
3. Shared Runners should be enabled. Go to your (forked) project `Settings -> CI / CD -> Shared Runners`.
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4. Change project website to a user website. This is so that the website's home page is <b>*username*.gitlab.io</b>, instead of username.gitlab.io/hexo.
Go to `Settings -> General -> Advanced -> Rename repository`. Change the Path to <b>*username*.gitlab.io</b>, where username is your username on GitLab.
5. You can start writing a new post straight away without [installing](#Installation) Hexo. You still need to change the blog's name and favicon though ([how-to](#Naming)).
1. To create a new post (through GitLab.com), create a new `<post-title>.md` file in `source/_posts` folder.
2. Start with the following header/[front-matter](https://hexo.io/docs/front-matter):
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```
---
title: Test page
date: yyyy-mm-dd hh:mm:ss
tags:
categories:
---
```
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3. Write your post after the second `---` using [Markdown](https://about.gitlab.com/handbook/product/technical-writing/markdown-guide/) [style](https://docs.gitlab.com/ee/user/markdown.html).
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6. After you create a new post, the website can be accessed on <b>*username*.gitlab.io</b> or the link shown on your project `Settings -> Pages`.
## Installation
1. Having Hexo means you can debug locally, rather than waiting for [CI](https://docs.gitlab.com/ee/ci/). You can even run a local server to preview your blog (see step 6 below).
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2. Clone your repo to your workstation.
3. Install Node.js 10. Other distro, see this [guide](https://nodejs.org/en/download/package-manager/) or [here](https://github.com/nodesource/distributions).
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```bash
# Installing npm will also install nodejs as dependency.
# Ubuntu 16.04 or newer
$ sudo snap install node --classic --channel=10
# Debian
$ curl -sL https://deb.nodesource.com/setup_10.x | sudo -E bash -
$ sudo apt-get install -y nodejs
# Fedora 29
$ sudo dnf install npm
# Fedora 28 or older
$ curl --silent --location https://rpm.nodesource.com/setup_10.x | sudo bash -
$ sudo yum -y install nodejs
# Arch Linux
$ sudo pacman -S npm
```
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4. Install Hexo and its dependencies (defined in `package.json`). Re-launch the terminal program before continue. After installation, append `node_modules/.bin` to $PATH (skip the `echo` step if you've already {% post_link running-locally-installed-node-packages 'done so' %}).
```bash
$ cd <folder>
$ npm install
$ echo 'PATH="$PATH:./node_modules/.bin"' >> ~/.profile
```
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5. Generate static files to check for any error. You should always do this before pushing/merging commits to the `master` branch.
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```bash
$ hexo generate
```
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6. (Optional) Start Hexo server on `http://localhost:4000` to preview the blog.
```bash
$ hexo server
```
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More info: [Server](https://hexo.io/docs/server)
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7. Commit the changes and push them. The generated `public` and `node_modules` are [ignored](https://gitlab.com/curben/blog/blob/master/.gitignore), as CI will generate them during build.
1. I have migrated to [Netlify](https://www.netlify.com/) and removed my GitLab page.
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2. Since I don't have a gitlab page any more, I removed the deploy command in the `.gitlab-ci.yml`.
3. The config now has two parts. To use in gitlab page, simply uncomment the second part and comment out the first part.
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4. Make sure you {% post_link validity-gitlab-ci-config 'double-check' %} the CI config before you push.
8. Check the build status by going to your project `CI /CD -> Pipelines`. Due to the limitation of `hexo`, the build will always pass even when there is error. Check the Jobs log, look for any error after `$ hexo deploy`.
9. If there is no error, the generated website can be accessed on `<your-username>.gitlab.io/` or the link shown on your project `Settings -> Pages`.
## Writing
1. Create a new post (using Hexo)
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``` bash
$ hexo new "My New Post"
```
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2. `My-New-Post.md` is created to the `source/_posts` folder, with the following header/[front-matter](https://hexo.io/docs/front-matter):
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```
---
title: My New Post
date: yyyy-mm-dd hh:mm:ss
tags:
categories:
---
```
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4. Write your post after the second `---` using [Markdown](https://about.gitlab.com/handbook/product/technical-writing/markdown-guide/) [style](https://docs.gitlab.com/ee/user/markdown.html).
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More info: [Writing](https://hexo.io/docs/writing.html)
## Configuration
### Naming
Change the website's author and name
`_config.yml`:
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```yml
title:
subtitle:
description:
author:
```
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`themes/typing/_config.yml`:
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```yml
menu:
GitLab: <your-gitlab-project-link>
# Customize /about page
nickname:
description:
```
### Favicon
[RealFaviconGenerator](https://realfavicongenerator.net/) provides a web-based tool to generate favicons with wide compatibility.
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1. Upload your favicon (at least 260x260) and configure however you want.
1. Install the generated package to `themes/typing/source` folder. Make you replace all existing files.
1. Edit `themes/typing/layout/_partial/head.ejs`. Change the `color` values of `mask-icon` and `msapplication-TileColor` to the values you configured on the generator.
1. Check for any error using `hexo generate` (you should do this *before* you push any commit).
1. Commit and push.
1. Check your favicon with the [favicon checker](https://realfavicongenerator.net/favicon_checker).
### Project page
If you prefer to have a project page on GitLab:
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1. Go to `Settings -> General -> Advanced -> Rename repository`. Change the Path to a name, so the website is available at <b>username.gitlab.io/*name*</b>. It can be any name, like *blog* or *hexo*.
1. Edit **_config.yml**, change the `root:` value from `""` to "*name*".
1. Commit and push.
### Remove fork relationship
If you don't have any plan to send merge requests to the upstream, you can remove fork relationship permanently by going to `Settings -> General -> Advanced -> Remove fork relationship`.
## Useful links:
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Configuration files for this blog deployment:
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- [.gitlab-ci.yml](https://gitlab.com/curben/blog/blob/master/.gitlab-ci.yml)
- [_config.yml](https://gitlab.com/curben/blog/blob/master/_config.yml)
- [package.json](https://gitlab.com/curben/blog/blob/master/package.json)
- [netlify.toml](https://gitlab.com/curben/blog/blob/master/netlify.toml) *for Netlify deployment only*
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Docs:
- [Hexo Docs](https://hexo.io/docs/)
- [GitLab Pages](https://docs.gitlab.com/ee/user/project/pages/index.html)