style: more consistent formatting

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curben 2018-11-10 20:32:49 +10:30
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---
title: How to create a Hexo blog
title: How to create a Hexo blog on GitLab Pages
date: 2018-09-21 00:00:00
lastUpdated: 2018-11-06 00:00:00
lastUpdated: 2018-11-10 00:00:00
tags:
---
Create a website/blog (hosted by [GitLab](https://about.gitlab.com/features/pages/) for free) using the following guide:
Create a website/blog using Hexo on [GitLab Pages](https://about.gitlab.com/features/pages/) for free using the following guide. Refer to my {% post_link hexo-blog-github 'another guide' %} for [GitHub Pages](https://pages.github.com/).
<!-- more -->
## GitLab project
1. Register a free [GitLab](https://gitlab.com/users/sign_in#register-pane) account or use your current one.
2. Fork this project.
2. Fork the [repo of this blog](https://gitlab.com/curben/blog).
3. Shared Runners should be enabled. Go to your (forked) project `Settings -> CI / CD -> Shared Runners`.
4. Change project website to a user website. This is so that the website's home page is `<your-username>.gitlab.io/`, instead of `<your-username>.gitlab.io/hexo`.
Go to `Settings -> General -> Advanced -> Rename repository`. Change the Path to `<your-username>.gitlab.io`.
4. Change project website to a user website. This is so that the website's home page is <b>*username*.gitlab.io</b>, instead of username.gitlab.io/hexo.
Go to `Settings -> General -> Advanced -> Rename repository`. Change the Path to <b>*username*.gitlab.io</b>, where username is your username on GitLab.
5. You can start writing a new post straight away without [installing](#installation) Hexo. You still need to change the blog's name and favicon though ([how-to](#naming)).
1. To create a new post (through GitLab.com), create a new `<post-title>.md` file in `source/_posts` folder.
2. Start with the following header/[front-matter](https://hexo.io/docs/front-matter):
```
---
title: Test page
@ -23,16 +26,16 @@ Create a website/blog (hosted by [GitLab](https://about.gitlab.com/features/page
categories:
---
```
3. Write your post after the second `---` using [Markdown](https://about.gitlab.com/handbook/product/technical-writing/markdown-guide/) [style](https://docs.gitlab.com/ee/user/markdown.html).
6. After you create a new post, the website can be accessed on `<your-username>.gitlab.io/` or the link shown on your project `Settings -> Pages`.
6. After you create a new post, the website can be accessed on <b>*username*.gitlab.io</b> or the link shown on your project `Settings -> Pages`.
## Installation
1. Having Hexo means you can debug locally, rather than waiting for [CI](https://docs.gitlab.com/ee/ci/). You can even run a local server to preview your blog (see step 6 below).
2. Clone this project to your workstation. Change `<folder>` to a preferred name.
```bash
$ git clone https://gitlab.com/curben/blog <folder>
```
2. Clone your repo to your workstation.
3. Install Node.js 10. Other distro, see this [guide](https://nodejs.org/en/download/package-manager/) or [here](https://github.com/nodesource/distributions).
```bash
# Installing npm will also install nodejs as dependency.
# Ubuntu 16.04 or newer
@ -48,34 +51,45 @@ $ sudo yum -y install nodejs
# Arch Linux
$ sudo pacman -S npm
```
4. Install Hexo and its dependencies (defined in `package.json`). Re-launch the terminal program before continue. After installation, append `node_modules/.bin` to $PATH.
4. Install Hexo and its dependencies (defined in `package.json`). Re-launch the terminal program before continue. After installation, append `node_modules/.bin` to $PATH (skip the `echo` step if you've already {% post_link running-locally-installed-node-packages 'done so' %}).
```bash
$ cd <folder>
$ npm install
$ echo 'PATH="$PATH:./node_modules/.bin"' >> ~/.profile
```
5. Generate static files to check for any error. You should always do this before pushing/merging commits to the `master` branch.
```bash
$ hexo generate
```
6. (Optional) Start Hexo server on localhost:4000 to preview the blog. ([more info](https://hexo.io/docs/server))
6. (Optional) Start Hexo server on `http://localhost:4000` to preview the blog.
```bash
$ hexo server
```
More info: [Server](https://hexo.io/docs/server)
7. Commit the changes and push them. The generated `public` and `node_modules` are [ignored](https://gitlab.com/curben/blog/blob/master/.gitignore), as CI will generate them during build.
1. I have migrated to [Netlify](https://www.netlify.com/) and removed my GitLab page.
2. Since I don't have a gitlab page any more, I removed the deploy command in the `.gitlab-ci.yml`.
3. The config now has two parts. To use in gitlab page, simply uncomment the second part and comment out the first part.
4. Make sure you double-check the CI config before you push.
4. Make sure you {% post_link validity-gitlab-ci-config 'double-check' %} the CI config before you push.
8. Check the build status by going to your project `CI /CD -> Pipelines`. Due to the limitation of `hexo`, the build will always pass even when there is error. Check the Jobs log, look for any error after `$ hexo deploy`.
9. If there is no error, the generated website can be accessed on `<your-username>.gitlab.io/` or the link shown on your project `Settings -> Pages`.
## Writing
1. Create a new post (using Hexo)
``` bash
$ hexo new "My New Post"
```
2. `My-New-Post.md` is created to the `source/_posts` folder, with the following header/[front-matter](https://hexo.io/docs/front-matter):
```
---
title: My New Post
@ -84,21 +98,25 @@ tags:
categories:
---
```
4. Write your post after the second `---` using [Markdown](https://about.gitlab.com/handbook/product/technical-writing/markdown-guide/) [style](https://docs.gitlab.com/ee/user/markdown.html).
To create a new page or more info: [Writing](https://hexo.io/docs/writing.html)
More info: [Writing](https://hexo.io/docs/writing.html)
## Configuration
### Naming
Change the website's author and name
`_config.yml`:
```yml
title:
subtitle:
description:
author:
```
`themes/typing/_config.yml`:
```yml
menu:
GitLab: <your-gitlab-project-link>
@ -109,6 +127,7 @@ description:
### Favicon
[RealFaviconGenerator](https://realfavicongenerator.net/) provides a web-based tool to generate favicons with wide compatibility.
1. Upload your favicon (at least 260x260) and configure however you want.
1. Install the generated package to `themes/typing/source` folder. Make you replace all existing files.
1. Edit `themes/typing/layout/_partial/head.ejs`. Change the `color` values of `mask-icon` and `msapplication-TileColor` to the values you configured on the generator.
@ -118,8 +137,9 @@ description:
### Project page
If you prefer to have a project page on GitLab:
1. go to `Settings -> General -> Advanced -> Rename repository`. Change the Path to `<directory>`, so the website is available at `<your-username>.gitlab.io/<directory>`, `<directory>` can be any name, like `blog` or `hexo`.
1. Edit `_config.yml`, change the `root:` value from `""` to `"/<directory>/"`.
1. Go to `Settings -> General -> Advanced -> Rename repository`. Change the Path to a name, so the website is available at <b>username.gitlab.io/*name*</b>. It can be any name, like *blog* or *hexo*.
1. Edit **_config.yml**, change the `root:` value from `""` to "*name*".
1. Commit and push.
### Remove fork relationship
@ -127,10 +147,13 @@ If you don't have any plan to send merge requests to the upstream, you can remov
## Useful links:
Configuration files for this blog deployment:
- [.gitlab-ci.yml](https://gitlab.com/curben/blog/blob/master/.gitlab-ci.yml)
- [_config.yml](https://gitlab.com/curben/blog/blob/master/_config.yml)
- [package.json](https://gitlab.com/curben/blog/blob/master/package.json)
- [netlify.toml](https://gitlab.com/curben/blog/blob/master/netlify.toml) *for Netlify deployment only*
[Hexo Docs](https://hexo.io/docs/)
[GitLab Pages](https://docs.gitlab.com/ee/user/project/pages/index.html)
Docs:
- [Hexo Docs](https://hexo.io/docs/)
- [GitLab Pages](https://docs.gitlab.com/ee/user/project/pages/index.html)