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# dburl [![GoDoc][godoc]][godoc-link] [![Build Status][travis-ci]][travis-ci-link]
Package `dburl` provides a standard, URL style mechanism for parsing and
opening SQL database connection strings for [Go][go-project]. Provides
standardized way to [parse][godoc-parse] and [open][godoc-open] URLs for
popular databases PostgreSQL, MySQL, SQLite3, Oracle Database, Microsoft SQL
Server, in addition to most other SQL databases with a publicly available Go
driver.
[godoc]: https://godoc.org/github.com/xo/dburl?status.svg (GoDoc)
[travis-ci]: https://travis-ci.org/xo/dburl.svg?branch=master (Travis CI)
[godoc-link]: https://godoc.org/github.com/xo/dburl
[travis-ci-link]: https://travis-ci.org/xo/dburl
[Overview][] | [Quickstart][] | [Examples][] | [Schemes][] | [Installing][] | [Using][] | [About][]
[Overview]: #database-connection-url-overview (Database Connection URL Overview)
[Quickstart]: #quickstart (Quickstart)
[Examples]: #example-urls (Example URLs)
[Schemes]: #protocol-schemes-and-aliases (Protocol Schemes and Aliases)
[Installing]: #installing (Installing)
[Using]: #using (Using)
[About]: #about (About)
## Database Connection URL Overview
Supported database connection URLs are of the form:
```
protocol+transport://user:pass@host/dbname?opt1=a&opt2=b
protocol:/path/to/file
```
Where:
| Component | Description |
|--------------------|--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|
| protocol | driver name or alias (see below) |
| transport | "tcp", "udp", "unix" or driver name (odbc/oleodbc) |
| user | username |
| pass | password |
| host | host |
| dbname<sup>*</sup> | database, instance, or service name/ID to connect to |
| ?opt1=... | additional database driver options (see respective SQL driver for available options) |
<i><sup><b>*</b></sup> for Microsoft SQL Server, `/dbname` can be
`/instance/dbname`, where `/instance` is optional. For Oracle Database,
`/dbname` is of the form `/service/dbname` where `/service` is the service name
or SID, and `/dbname` is optional. Please see below for examples.</i>
## Quickstart
Database connection URLs in the above format can be parsed with the
[`dburl.Parse` func][godoc-parse] as such:
```go
import (
"github.com/xo/dburl"
)
u, err := dburl.Parse("postgresql://user:pass@localhost/mydatabase/?sslmode=disable")
if err != nil { /* ... */ }
```
Additionally, a simple helper, [`dburl.Open`][godoc-open], is provided that
will parse, open, and return a [standard `sql.DB` database][godoc-sql-db]
connection:
```go
import (
"github.com/xo/dburl"
)
db, err := dburl.Open("sqlite:mydatabase.sqlite3?loc=auto")
if err != nil { /* ... */ }
```
## Example URLs
The following are example database connection URLs that can be handled by
[`dburl.Parse`][godoc-parse] and [`dburl.Open`][godoc-open]:
```
postgres://user:pass@localhost/dbname
pg://user:pass@localhost/dbname?sslmode=disable
mysql://user:pass@localhost/dbname
mysql:/var/run/mysqld/mysqld.sock
sqlserver://user:pass@remote-host.com/dbname
mssql://user:pass@remote-host.com/instance/dbname
ms://user:pass@remote-host.com:port/instance/dbname?keepAlive=10
oracle://user:pass@somehost.com/sid
sap://user:pass@localhost/dbname
sqlite:/path/to/file.db
file:myfile.sqlite3?loc=auto
odbc+postgres://user:pass@localhost:port/dbname?option1=
```
## Protocol Schemes and Aliases
The following protocols schemes (ie, driver) and their associated aliases are
supported out of the box:
| Database (scheme/driver) | Protocol Aliases [real driver] |
|------------------------------|-------------------------------------------|
| Microsoft SQL Server (mssql) | ms, sqlserver |
| MySQL (mysql) | my, mariadb, maria, percona, aurora |
| Oracle Database (goracle) | or, ora, oracle, oci, oci8, odpi, odpi-c |
| PostgreSQL (postgres) | pg, postgresql, pgsql |
| SQLite3 (sqlite3) | sq, sqlite, file |
| | |
| Amazon Redshift (redshift) | rs [postgres] |
| CockroachDB (cockroachdb) | cr, cockroach, crdb, cdb [postgres] |
| MemSQL (memsql) | me [mysql] |
| TiDB (tidb) | ti [mysql] |
| Vitess (vitess) | vt [mysql] |
| | |
| Google Spanner (spanner) | gs, google, span (not yet public) |
| | |
| MySQL (mymysql) | zm, mymy |
| PostgreSQL (pgx) | px |
| | |
| Apache Avatica (avatica) | av, phoenix |
| Apache Ignite (ignite) | ig, gridgain |
| Cassandra (cql) | ca, cassandra, datastax, scy, scylla |
| ClickHouse (clickhouse) | ch |
| Couchbase (n1ql) | n1, couchbase |
| Cznic QL (ql) | ql, cznic, cznicql |
| Firebird SQL (firebirdsql) | fb, firebird |
| Microsoft ADODB (adodb) | ad, ado |
| ODBC (odbc) | od |
| OLE ODBC (oleodbc) | oo, ole, oleodbc [adodb] |
| Presto (presto) | pr, prestodb, prestos, prs, prestodbs |
| SAP ASE (tds) | ax, ase, sapase |
| SAP HANA (hdb) | sa, saphana, sap, hana |
| Snowflake (snowflake) | sf |
| VoltDB (voltdb) | vo, volt, vdb |
Any protocol scheme `alias://` can be used in place of `protocol://`, and will
work identically with [`dburl.Parse`][godoc-parse] and [`dburl.Open`][godoc-open].
## Installing
Install in the usual Go fashion:
```sh
go get -u github.com/xo/dburl
```
## Using
Please note that `dburl` does not import actual SQL drivers, and only provides
a standard way to [parse][godoc-parse]/[open][godoc-open] respective database
connection URLs.
For reference, these are the following "expected" SQL drivers that would need
to be imported:
| Database (driver) | Package |
|------------------------------|---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|
| Microsoft SQL Server (mssql) | [github.com/denisenkom/go-mssqldb](https://github.com/denisenkom/go-mssqldb) |
| MySQL (mysql) | [github.com/go-sql-driver/mysql](https://github.com/go-sql-driver/mysql) |
| Oracle Database (goracle) | [gopkg.in/goracle.v2](https://gopkg.in/goracle.v2) |
| PostgreSQL (postgres) | [github.com/lib/pq](https://github.com/lib/pq) |
| SQLite3 (sqlite3) | [github.com/mattn/go-sqlite3](https://github.com/mattn/go-sqlite3) |
| | |
| Amazon Redshift (redshift) | [github.com/lib/pq](https://github.com/lib/pq) |
| CockroachDB (cockroachdb) | [github.com/lib/pq](https://github.com/lib/pq) |
| MemSQL (memsql) | [github.com/go-sql-driver/mysql](https://github.com/go-sql-driver/mysql) |
| TiDB (tidb) | [github.com/go-sql-driver/mysql](https://github.com/go-sql-driver/mysql) |
| Vitess (vitess) | [github.com/go-sql-driver/mysql](https://github.com/go-sql-driver/mysql) |
| | |
| Google Spanner (spanner) | github.com/xo/spanner (not yet public) |
| | |
| MySQL (mymysql) | [github.com/ziutek/mymysql/godrv](https://github.com/ziutek/mymysql) |
| PostgreSQL (pgx) | [github.com/jackc/pgx/stdlib](https://github.com/jackc/pgx) |
| | |
| Apache Avatica (avatica) | [github.com/Boostport/avatica](https://github.com/Boostport/avatica) |
| Apache Ignite (ignite) | [github.com/amsokol/ignite-go-client/sql](https://github.com/amsokol/ignite-go-client) |
| Cassandra (cql) | [github.com/MichaelS11/go-cql-driver](https://github.com/MichaelS11/go-cql-driver) |
| ClickHouse (clickhouse) | [github.com/kshvakov/clickhouse](https://github.com/kshvakov/clickhouse) |
| Couchbase (n1ql) | [github.com/couchbase/go_n1ql](https://github.com/couchbase/go_n1ql) |
| Cznic QL (ql) | [github.com/cznic/ql](https://github.com/cznic/ql) |
| Firebird SQL (firebirdsql) | [github.com/nakagami/firebirdsql](https://github.com/nakagami/firebirdsql) |
| Microsoft ADODB (adodb) | [github.com/mattn/go-adodb](https://github.com/mattn/go-adodb) |
| ODBC (odbc) | [github.com/alexbrainman/odbc](https://github.com/alexbrainman/odbc) |
| OLE ODBC (oleodbc) | [github.com/mattn/go-adodb](https://github.com/mattn/go-adodb) |
| Presto (presto) | [github.com/prestodb/presto-go-client/presto](https://github.com/prestodb/presto-go-client) |
| SAP ASE (tds) | [github.com/thda/tds](https://github.com/thda/tds) |
| SAP HANA (hdb) | [github.com/SAP/go-hdb/driver](https://github.com/SAP/go-hdb) |
| Snowflake (snowflake) | [github.com/snowflakedb/gosnowflake](https://github.com/snowflakedb/gosnowflake) |
| VoltDB (voltdb) | [github.com/VoltDB/voltdb-client-go/voltdbclient](github.com/VoltDB/voltdb-client-go]) |
Please see [the `dburl` GoDoc listing][godoc-link] for the full API
documentation.
### URL Parsing Rules
[`dburl.Parse`][godoc-parse] and [`dburl.Open`][godoc-open] rely primarily on
Go's standard [`net/url.URL`][godoc-net-url] type, and as such, parsing or
opening database connection URLs with `dburl` are subject to the same rules,
conventions, and semantics as [Go's `net/url.Parse` func][godoc-net-url-parse].
## Example
A [full example](_example/example.go) for reference:
```go
// _example/example.go
package main
import (
"fmt"
"log"
_ "github.com/denisenkom/go-mssqldb"
"github.com/xo/dburl"
)
func main() {
db, err := dburl.Open("sqlserver://user:pass@localhost/dbname")
if err != nil {
log.Fatal(err)
}
var name string
err = db.QueryRow(`SELECT name FROM mytable WHERE id=10`).Scan(&name)
if err != nil {
log.Fatal(err)
}
fmt.Printf(">> got: %s\n", name)
}
```
## About
`dburl` was built primarily to support these projects:
* [usql][usql] - a universal command-line interface for SQL databases
* [xo][xo] - a command-line tool to generate Go code from a database schema
[go-project]: https://golang.org/project
[godoc-open]: https://godoc.org/github.com/xo/dburl#Open
[godoc-parse]: https://godoc.org/github.com/xo/dburl#Parse
[godoc-sql-db]: https://godoc.org/database/sql#DB
[godoc-net-url]: https://godoc.org/net/url#URL
[godoc-net-url-parse]: https://godoc.org/net/url#URL.Parse
[usql]: https://github.com/xo/usql
[xo]: https://github.com/xo/xo
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